Section 1 - Importance of HS to Individual and Organisation

Question 1

Definition of health

Answer 1

The protection of bodies and minds of people from illness resulting from the materials, processes or procedures used in the workplace

Question 2

Definition of Safety

Answer 2

The protection of people from physical injury

Question 3

Definition of Welfare

Answer 3

The provisions of facilities including washing and sanitisation, drinking water, heating, lighting, canteen facilities, as well as first aid to maintain health and well-being of individuals

Question 4

Definition of Occupational or Work-Related Ill-health

Answer 4

Illness of physical and mental disorders caused or triggered by workplace activities

Question 5

Environmental Protection

Answer 5

Arrangements to protect people and the broader environment outside the workplace from the effects of workplace activities

Question 6

3 Reasons for managing health, safety and welfare

Answer 6

Moral, Financial and Legal

Question 7

Moral reasons to manage health, safety and welfare

Answer 7

1) Societies attitudes to health and safety, it is reasonable for all individuals to be able to go home safe and healthy at the end of every working day
2) All individuals at all levels in the workplace have a moral obligation not to harm themselves or others by their acts or omissions.
3) Society expects that the public are proteced from harm

Question 8

Direct costs of accidents and ill-health

Answer 8

1) Sick pay for injured employee
2) Repairing or replacing damaged equipment or property
3) Costs associated with managers’ time dealing with the consequences of the accident

Question 9

How much larger are direct costs to indirect costs

Answer 9

4-10 times

Question 10

Cost of a lost time accident

Answer 10

over £2000 in uninsured costs

Question 11

Cost of a serious accident

Answer 11

from £45,000 in fines in lower court, up to an unlimited amount and prison sentences in crown court

Question 12

Uninsured costs

Answer 12

1) F ines
2) I nvestigation time
3) L ost production time
4) L egal costs
5) S ick pay
6) P roduction delays
7) E xtra wages (overtime working and temp labour)

Question 13

What legal powers do government appointed regulators have

Answer 13

Issue notices which have legal status and can prohibit dangerous activities and force changes to prevent accidents

Question 14

Failure to comply with government appointed regulators can result in…

Answer 14

Fines and imprisonment as a result of court action

Question 15

Legislation is the general term for:

Answer 15

laws including acts (statutes), regulations (statutory instruments), orders and directives

Question 16

What is civil law concerned with

Answer 16

the right and duties of individuals (and organisations) towards each other.

Question 17

in civil law, violations of established rights and duties are known as… the main … affecting h and s is…

Answer 17

torts and negligence

Question 18

What do civil cases comprise of

Answer 18

action brought by one person against another in order to seek restitution for some form of wrongdoing

Question 19

where are civil cases heard

Answer 19

County court for minor cases and high court for more serious cases

Question 20

What is criminal law concerned with

Answer 20

Offences against society generally

Question 21

What are crimes

Answer 21

Actions with violate the basic rules and principles by which society lives

Question 22

Where are criminal law court cases heard

Answer 22

In Magistrates court without a jury for less serious breaches, and in Crown court with a jury for more serious cases

Question 23

What supporting documents are used in the legislation process

Answer 23

ACOPs (Approved Codes of Practice), British and european standards, industry-cased standards.

Question 24

The HSW Act covers:

Answer 24

Employers, Employees, People in control of work premises, The self-employed, Designers manufacturers suppliers and installers

Question 25

Employers duties

Answer 25

1) Protect health, safety and welfare of their employees and other people who might be affected by their business 2) Make sure that workers and others are protected from anything that may cause harm, effectively controlling any risk to injury or health that could arise in the workplace 3) assess risks in the workplace. Risk assessments should be carries out that address all risks that might cause harm in the workplace 4) Give employees information about the risks in the workplace and how employees are protected, also instruct and train employees on how to deal with the risks 5) Consult with employees on health and safety issues

Question 26

Employees duties under HS

Answer 26

1) Take reasonable care for their own health and safety 2) cooperate with their employers and anyone else to help everyone meet their health and safety obligations 3) Not put others at risk by what they do or dont do at work 4) Not deliberately interfere with or misuse anything provided for health and safety purposes

Question 27

Duties of people in control of work premises

Answer 27

Ensure a means of access and egress are safe for those using the premises, and any plant or substances are safe and without risk to health

Question 28

Duties of the self employed

Answer 28

Not to put other people at risk by the way they carry out their work activities

Question 29

Duties of designers, manufacturers, suppliers and installers

Answer 29

Responsibility for the design and construction of articles, the use of substances and the testing and installation of their work. They must provide adequate information, such as instructions for the safe use of a machine

Question 30

Employers must have processes and procedures to meet HS legal requirements inc:

Answer 30

1) Written HS policy 2) Carry out suitable and sufficient risk assessments recording significant findings 3) Make arrangements for effective planning, organisation, control, monitoring and review of preventative and protective measures that come from risk assessments 4) Appoint competent person to assist with HS 5) Provide employees with info about risks in the workplace and how theyre protected 6) Instruction and training for employees on how to deal with risks 7) Ensuring adequate and proper supervision 8) Consulting with employees about their risks and current preventative and protective measures

Question 31

Suitable and sufficient risk assessment includes

Answer 31

1) Identify significant risks arising out of work 2) Enable the employer to identify and prioritise necessary action 3) Ensure its appropriate to the nature of the work

Question 32

Definition of Competence

Answer 32

Person must have practical and theoretical knowledge as well as sufficient experience of machinery, plant and procedures involved to enable them to identify defects or weaknesses during plant and machinery examinations and to assess eithers importance with relation to the strength and function of that plant and machinery

Question 33

What powers do HSE inspectors have?

Answer 33

1) Enter premises 2) Inspect and investigate 3) Take measurements, samples and photographs 4) Require an area or machine to be left undisturbed 5) Seize, render harmless or destroy dangerous items 6) Obtain information and take statements from management and employees 7) Give advice or written information 8) Issue instructions, improvement notices and prohibition notices that must be carried out by law 9) Initiate a prosecution

Question 34

What is an improvement notice

Answer 34

requires contravention to be corrected within a specified time, but does not stop work activity

Question 35

What is a prohibition notice

Answer 35

Is issued if there is, or is likely to be, a risk of serious personal injury. Requires an activity to be stopped imediately unless corrective action is taken

Question 36

What is a fee for intervention

Answer 36

If the HSE issues a notification of contravention, companies pay a fee

Question 37

What costs does a fee for intervention include

Answer 37

inspectors time: 1) at mill site 2) preparing reports 3) getting specialist advice 4) talking to company employees

Question 38

Plan, Do, Check, Act

Answer 38

Plan - establish objectives and policies necessary to deliver results. Planning for implementation Do- Profiling for HS risk. Organising for HS. Implementing the plan Check - Measuring performance against policy/legal requirements. Investigating accidents/incidents Act - Reviewing performance and continually improve. Learning lessons.

Question 39

Definition of culture

Answer 39

- Set of values, behaviours and norms that guide interactions between people - Personality of the workplace - How things are done around here - Sometimes difficult to see because they are deeply held assumptions developed over time

Question 40

Organisations with a positive HS culture are characterised by:

Answer 40

communications founded on mutual trust, by shared perceptions of the importance of safety and by confidence in the efficacy of preventative measures

Question 41

What is poor health and safety characterised by

Answer 41

An atmosphere where not complying with safe working practices is acceptable and effective action to solve HS problems is not taken

Question 42

Indicators of the state of the HS culture of an organisation

Answer 42

Number of accidents, near misses, and occupational ill-health cases occurring within the organisation

Question 43

Indicators of positive HS culture

Answer 43

- Leadership and commitment throughout all levels of the organisation - Acceptance that high standards are achievable - A comprehensive assessment system for all HS risks - HS policy statement with detailed risk management arrangements - Relevant employee training programmes and consultation mechanisms - Systems for monitoring of workplaces, equipment, processes and procedures - Prompt investigation of all incidents and accidents

Question 44

Definition of First Aid

Answer 44

Emergency treatment until arrival of a medical practitioner or nurse. Treatment of minor injuries that do no warrant medical attention or would otherwise receive no treatment

Question 45

How many first aiders are required in the workplace

Answer 45

1 per 50 employees for low risk work, with more per employees with higher risk

Question 46

Definition of a First Aider

Answer 46

Someone who has undertaken training appropriate to circumstance. Must hold a valid certificate of competence in either: first aid at work, emergency first aid at work, or any other level of training or qualification that is appropriate to circumstances

Question 47

What is emergency first aid at work (EFAW)

Answer 47

enables a first-aider to give emergency first aid to someone who is injured or becomes ill at work

Question 48

What is first aid at work training

Answer 48

includes EFAW syllabus and also equips the first aider to apply first aid to range of specific injuries and illness

Question 49

How long to first aid certificates last

Answer 49

3 years

Question 50

How often is refresher training recommended

Answer 50

yearly

Question 51

Essential parts of health and safety management system

Answer 51

Emergency procedures, accident reporting, accident investigation

Question 52

Incident Defintion

Answer 52

Near miss, an event that has the potential to cause injury or ill health

Question 52

Accident definition

Answer 52

Any unplanned, uncontrolled event that results in injury or ill health of people or damage or loss to property, plant and materials or the environment or the loss of a business opportunity

Question 53

Reasons for reporting accidents

Answer 53

Statutory obligation, insurance claim, in-house accident reporting and investigation

Question 54

What is the law that requires employers to report and keep records of work related accidents

Answer 54

RIDDOR

Question 55

How long should statutory records be held for

Answer 55

3 years

Question 56

Types of reportable major injuries

Answer 56

A fracture, other than fingers, thumbs, legs, foot or toe amputation of arm, hand, finger, thumb, leg, foot or toe permanent loss of sight or reduction of sight crush injuries leading to internal organ damage serious burns unconsciousness caused by head injury or asphyxia any other injury arising from work in an enclosed space leading to hypothermia, heat induced illness or requires resuscitation or admittance to hospital for more than 24 hours

Question 57

Reportable dangerous occurences

Answer 57

Collapse, overturning or failure of load-bearing parts of lifts and lifting equipment plant or equipment coming into contact with overhead electrical power lines electrical incidents causing fire or explosions failure of a pressure system

Question 58

Reportable Occupational Diseases

Answer 58

Occupational asthma, occupational dermatitis

Question 59

Functions of an in-house accident investigation

Answer 59

Informs senior managers that an accident has occurred and gives them a factual account of it Identifies any shortfall in organisational safety arrangements and enables these to be corrected provides the basic data which companies can use to analyse and utilise to prevent reoccurrence

Question 60

What does positive mental health allow people to do

Answer 60

Realise full potential, cope with life stresses, work productively, make meaningful contributions to communities

Question 61

What factors contribute to mental health problems

Answer 61

Biological factors (genes or brain chemistry), life experiences (trauma or abuse), family history of mental health problems

Question 62

What are some early warning signs of bad mental health

Answer 62

Inability to perform daily tasks they previously had no problem with, appearing confused forgetful on edge angry or upset, experiencing severe mood swings that cause problems at work

Question 63

Definition of stress

Answer 63

The adverse reaction people have to excessive pressures or other types of demand placed on them

Question 64

What is an EAP

Answer 64

An employer-funded benefit that offers employees confidential counselling and advice on a wide range of work and personal issues. A core component of an organisations risk and absence management strategy and a versatile resource for managers and human resource professionals

Question 65

What else, other than mental health counselling, can an EAPs help employees

Answer 65

childcare, elder care, buying a home for the first time, divorce, debt