Section 1 - Particles Flashcards
Nuclear Model def
Inside every atom, there is a nucleus contain gin protons and neutrons. Orbiting this core are the electrons.
Nucleons
Protons and Neutrons
Proton Charge
Charge: 1.60*10^-19 (C)
Relative Charge: +1
Proton Mass
Mass: 1.6710-27 (kg)
Relative Mass: 1
Electron charge
Charge: -1.60*10^-19 (C)
Relative Charge: -1
Neutron Mass
Mass: 1.6710-27 (kg)
Relative Mass: 1
Neutron Charge
Charge: 0 (C)
Relative Charge: 0
Electron Mass
Mass: 9.11*10^-31 (kg)
Relative Mass: 0.0005
Proton Number def
Atomic Number or the Number of protons in a Nucleus
Proton Number Symbol
Z
Neutral Atom def
An atom with the same number of Proton and Electrons
Ion def
An atom with a different number of protons and electrons
Nucleon number def
Mass number or the number of protons and neutrons
Nucleon number symbol
A
Isotope def
Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
How can radioactive isotopes be used for carbon dating [3]
- All living things contain the same percentage of carbon 14 taken in from the atmosphere
- After they die, the amount of carbon 14 inside them decreases as it decays to stable elements
- Scientists can calculate the approximate age of archeological finds made from dead organic matter by using isotopic data to find the percentage of radioactive carbon 14 that’s left in the object
Specific Charge def
The ratio of charge to mass given in C/kg
Specific Charge formula
Charge(C)/Mass(kg)
Fundamental particle def
A particle that you cant break up into anything smaller
Strong Nuclear force def
What does the Strong Nuclear Force do
Binds Nucleons together by acting on quarks and hadrons in N and Z
What suggests the need for a strong nuclear force
The electrostatic repulsion between particles is much higher than the gravitational attraction
Without the SNF, they would fly apart
Rules of the String nuclear force [5]
1) The strong nuclear force becomes a repulsive force between 1.5fm
2) The strong force is a short range force that does not act beyond 5 fm
3) The strong force switches between a positive and negative forceP
Positive vs negative forces
Positive forces repel and negative forces attract
