Section 1 Skeletal System Flashcards
(66 cards)
What Is Bone?
Calcified connective tissue forming most of the adult skeleton (206 bones in total)
What Is Cartilage
Dense, durable, tough fibrous connective tissue, able to withstand compression forces.
What is Hyaline Cartilage?
The tissue that forms the temporary skeleton of a foetus, replaced by bone when calcium is deposited.
What is Elastic Cartilage?
Similar to Hyaline Cartilage but has more fibres, most of which made from elastin as opposed to collagen, having the ability to regain & return to its original position
What is Fibrocartilage?
Thicker & stronger cartilage, acts as a shock absorber in cartilaginous joints.
Name 5 Bones that make up the Axial Skeleton?
Cranium, Cervical Vertebrae, Sternum, Thoracic Vertebrae, Lumbar Vertebrae, Sacrum, Ribs
Name 5 Bones that make up the Appendicular Skeleton?
Clavicle, Humerus, Ulna, Radius, Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges, Scapula, Ilium, Pubis, Ischium, Femur, Patella, Tibia, Fibula, Tarsals, Metatarsals
Name 4 Characteristics of Long Bones
-They have a greater length than width.
-Consist of a main shaft (diaphysis) and usually 2 extremities (epiphysis)
-Contain mostly compact bone in the diaphysis
-Contain mostly cancellous bone in the epiphysis
Name 2 Characteristics of Short Bones
-Normally as long as they are wide
-Usually highly cancellous, giving them strength under weight
Name 2 Characteristics of Flat Bones
-Thin layer of cancellous bone between 2 plate-like layers of compact bone
-Provide protection and large areas for muscle attachment
Name 1 Characteristic of Irregular Bones
Form very complex shapes & cannot be classified into other groups (e.g. vertebrae)
Name 2 Characteristics of Sesamoid (seed like) Bones
-Develop within particular tendons at a site of considerable friction/tension
-Serve to improve leverage & to protect the joint from damage
Name the 6 Functions of the Skeletal System
-Shape
-Protection
-Attachment
-Movement
-Production
-Storage
Which Type of Joint is Fixed/Immovable
Fibrous
Which Type of Joint is Slightly Moveable
Cartilaginous
Which Type of Joint is Freely Moveable
Synovial
Where may you find a Fibrous Joint?
Cranium (Skull)
Where May you Find a Cartilaginous Joint?
The Vertebrae
Where May you Find a Synovial Joint?
Ankle, Knee, Hip, Elbow, Shoulder, Neck, Wrist
What do Ligaments do?
Attach Bone to Bone
What do Tendons do?
Attach Bone to Muscle
What ROM does a Ball & Socket Joint have?
Allows for movement in almost any direction
Actions: Flexion, Extension, Horizontal Flexion & Extension, Medial & Lateral Rotation, Circumduction, Adduction & Abduction
What ROM does a Hinge Joint have?
Allows for flexion and extension of an appendage
Actions: Flexion & Extension
What ROM does a Pivot Joint have?
Allows for rotation around an axis
Actions: Rotation
