Section 1 - The Industrial Revolution Flashcards
(11 cards)
What does Industrial Revolution mean?
Gradually, machines took the place of many hand tools. Much of the power once provided by people and horses began to be replaced, first by flowing water then by steam engines.
Where did the revolution start ?
Britain
What machine sped up the thread-making process?
The spinning jenny
Richard Arkwright invented the _____ _____ a spinning machine powered by running water rather than human energy
Water frame
What is the factory system? What does it mean?
The factory system brings workers and machinery together in one place. It means that instead of spinning at home, textile workers had to go to the factories and begin and end work at specific hours.
Who are capitalists?
Capitalists are people who invest capital, or money, in a business to earn a profit.
Capitalists realized the potential of water frames and did what?
Invested into the buildings and machines
What disadvantages did building factories with water frames on riverbanks have?
- In a dry season, machines had no power
- the factories were far from cities
- labor was hard to find in rural areas
In 1790, Arkwright invented another source of power for textile plants. What was this invention?
A steam powered engine
What were some of the great effects of the steam engine?
- Factories didnt have to be built on riverbanks
- Built in cities where women and children provide cheap labor
What did Britain do with the discovery of the steam engine?
It hid its secrets of how to make a steam engine by not letting skilled workers out I’d the country
