Section 1: Urbanisation Flashcards
(22 cards)
What does the term urbanisation mean?
An increasing percentage of a countries population living in towns and cities.
What does the term rural-to-urban migration mean?
When people decide to move from the countryside to towns and cities
What does the term push factor mean?
Negative characteristics of the place people migrate from that make them want to leave.
What does the term pull factor mean?
Positive characteristics of the place people migrate to that attract people. These may be real or percicved
What does the term mega city mean?
A city with over 10 million people living there.
Why do levels of urbanisation differ around the world?
Because in richer countries people don’t have to live in cities to earn lots of money, or can just commute to the large cities but in poorer countries it is easier to live in the cities to earn money to support you family or yourself.
Why did Manchester’s population rapidly increase from 1800-1900?
- people left the countryside as mechanisation meant that machines were taking all the jobs
- Industrialisation was occurring rapidly generation a need for labour, e.g. jobs needed for the cotton mills
Why did the population of Manchester suddenly start dropping in mid to late 20th century?
This was mainly due to deindustrialisation: factories closed due to relocation abroad to Asia where labour was cheaper. People lost their jobs, e.g. in the cotton mills and some just moved away
Why has population in Manchester suddenly started rising again?
Because the government and businesses have started investing in it, creating move jobs opportunities and they started building flats so the population also grew due to this.
Describe the characteristics of shanty towns in developing countries.
- Houses are often unstable and very close together
- Polluted dirty water and no proper sewage systems
- Rubbish dumped everywhere due to no proper removal systems
- Densely populated and overcrouded, sometimes you can find over 1 million people living per square mile.
What are 3 push factors that may make someone move to a shanty town
- Other places may be too expensive
- There could be no schools
- You could be living in the middle on nowhere and want to move somewhere more populated
What are 3 pull factors towards shanty towns?
- You don’t have to pay to live there
- There are some schools for younger children
- You could believe that there is more opportunity in a shanty town and where you originally lived.
Describe 2 schemes to improve conditions in shanty towns.
- Micro-loans are provided by some charities to small businesses owners in shanty towns to give them a boost, they benefit the economy of the rest of the shanty town as well.
- Site and service schemes allow poor urban residents the chance to buy or rent a piece of land at reduced rates. The land will have services (e.g. running water, electricity) and will be connected to the rest of the city through public transport.
What does GIS stand for?
Geographical Information System
What is a GIS?
A way of using digital maps to present and analyse data. The data exists in layers with a separate layer for each piece of information, e.g. one for a map and one for parcels being delivered.
What are the two types of data in GIS?
Vector and raster
Which of the data layers are raster data?
Land usage, elevation
Which of the layers are vector data?
Parcels, streets, and customers
What are the 6 layers of a GIS map?
Real world, land usage, elevation, parcels, streets and customers
What is raster data for?
It constructs the background (and is usually made up of pixels)
What is vector data for?
It is used to show map features on top of the background ( and is usually get made of points)
What are 2 advantages of a GIS map over a traditional map?
- It takes up a lot less space
- Lots of display choices e.g. you can just look at the background or at the roads etc.
