Section 1: Variety of organisms Flashcards
characteristics and variety of living organisms, levels of organisation, cell structure (49 cards)
What are the 8 characteristics of living organisms
Movement, reproduction, sensitivity, homeostasis, growth and development respiration, excretion, nutrition
What is sensitivity
the ability to respond to a stimulus
what is homeostasis
they way an organism can maintain a constant internal environment
what is respiration
a chemical reaction by which organisms release energy from food normally using oxygen
what is excretion
removing waste products that have been produced by the body such as carbon dioxide and urea, this doesn’t include faeces
What are the organelles within of a plant cell
cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, nucleus, vacuole
What are the organelles within an animal cell
nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, mitochondria
Give a description of the properties of a plant cell
- Can carry out photosynthesis and contain chloroplasts
- There cell walls are made out of cellulose
-They store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose - They are multicellular
Give an example of a plant
Maize, peas or beans
Give a description of the properties of an animal cell
- they are multicellular
- they have nervous coordination
- Store carbohydrates as glycogen
- cant photosynthesise
What is nervous coordination
The ability to respond rapidly to the changes in the environment
What are the organelles within a fungi cell
cell membrane, cellwall, cytoplasm, nucleus, food storage granules
Give a description of the properties of a fungi cell
- They can be either single or multicellular
- Cant photosynthesise
- Their body is called a mycelium which is made up of thread like structures called hyphae, which contain nuclei
- Their cell walls are made from chitin
- they store carbohydrates as glycogen
-They feed by saprotrophic nutrition
What is saprotrophic nutrition
When a cell secretes extracellular enzymes into the area outside their body to dissolve their food so they an absorb the nutrients
Give an example of a fungi
Yeast (single cellular)
Mucor (multicellular)
What are the organelles within a Protoctist cell
nucleus, flagella, mitochondria, food storage granules, cell surface membrane, cell wall, (chloroplasts)
Give a description of the properties of a protoctist cell
- they are single celled microscopic
- some contain chloroplasts and photosynthesise like a plant cell
- some are more like animal cells
Give an example of a protoctist
amoeba (animal cell like and lives in pond water)
chlorella (plant cell like)
Plasmodium (causes malaria and a pathogen)
What are the organelles within a bacteria cell
cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, plasmids, circular chromosome, slime capsule, flagella
Give a description of the properties of a prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria
- they are single celled and microscopic
- they don’t have a nucleus
- contain a circular chromosome containing DNA
- some bacteria can photosynthesise
- most bacteria feed off other organisms living or dead
give an example of a bactreia/prokaryote
- Lactobacillus bulgaricus ( rod shaped and used to turn milk to yoghurt)
- Pneumococcus (spherical bacterium that causes pneumonia)
- Plasmodium (A pathogenic example, responsible for causing malaria.)
What does the term pathogen mean?
A pathogen is an organism which causes disease
Different types of pathogens
Fungi, protoctists, viruses (not organism) and bacteria
Give a description of the properties of a virus
- not living organisms
- they are parasitic and can only reproduce inside living cells
- they infect every type of living organism
- they are small particles- smaller than bacteria
