SECTION 10: DISEASE AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

Question 1

PATHOGENS AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
What are the five pathigens and their Kingdoms?

Answer 1

viruses
bacteria
protoctists
fungi
animals

Question 2

PATHOGENS AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
What is a disease?

Answer 2

is a condition that imapirs the normal functioning of an organism

Question 3

PATHOGENS AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
What is a pathogen?

Answer 3

is an organism that causes diseases
e.g fungi, viruses, bacteria

Question 4

PATHOGENS AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
What is a communicable disease?

Answer 4

is a disease that can spread between organisms

Question 5

PATHOGENS AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
Virus

Answer 5

contains RNA ( single stranded ) or DNA ( double stranded ) surrounded by a protein coat
inject genetic material into host cell which becomes incorperated into metabolism of the host cell - protein synthesis hijacked = virus particles are manifactured by the host cell’s ribosomes
cannot be treated with anitbiotics due to lack of cell wall
e.g HIV/AIDS, influenza

Question 6

PATHOGENS AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
Bacteria

Answer 6

cannot enter cells ( too large ) damage host by releasing toxins
digested by phagocytes ( ‘ foreign ‘ antigens ) lymphocytes secrete antitoxins to neutralise the toxins
treated by antibiotics but resistance can be an issue
e.g TB, ring rot, bacterial meningitits

Question 7

PATHOGENS AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
Protoctists

Answer 7

aka ‘ dustbin ‘ kingdom, eukarytic, can be single celled or multicellular, autrophic, heterotrophic
can enter cells e.g Plasmodium, others grow within tissues killing the surrounding cells with toxins or by digestion
e.g. Phytophythora ( phyto = plant, phthora = destroyer )

Question 8

PATHOGENS AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
Fungi

Answer 8

fungi digest living or dead cells, spores can be inhaled or grow on our skin
treated with antifungal drugs e.g. black sigatoka, ring worms, athletes foot
multicelluar - mushroom
single cells - yeast

Question 9

PATHOGENS AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
Animals

Answer 9

Parasitic animals damage hosts and can cuase disease
e.g tape worms, liver flukes, scabies

Question 10

PATHOGENS AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
How does bloodborne which is direct work?

Answer 10

spread through contaminated substances
- blood
- saliva, vomit or urine contain blood
- semen
- breast milk

ex. HIV and Hepatitis B and C

Question 11

PATHOGENS AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
How does airbourne which is direct work?

Answer 11

transmitted through droplet nuclei in the air
- coughing
- sneezing
three types: viral, bacterial and fungal
Ex. meningitis, influenza, pneumonia, TB

Question 12

PATHOGENS AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
How does vectors work?

Answer 12

transmits pathogens from one host to another ( indirect transmission )