Section 10 - The Industrial Revolution Flashcards
(42 cards)
Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?
North Britain.
Give 3 reasons why the Industrial Revolution began here.
1) As a result of the agricultural revolution there was a huge population growth. This provided more workers and a greater demand for industrial goods.
2) Many new inventions made producing industrial goods easier (E.G. Newcomen’s steam engine).
3) Britain ruled over many countries known as colonies, these colonies provided a cheap supply of raw materials and a market to sell to.
There were two main processes in the textile industry, name them.
Spinning and weaving.
Name two inventions (and their inventors) that made spinning easier.
1) Arkwright’s Water Frame
2) Hargreaves’s Spinning Jenny
Name two inventions (and their inventors) that made weaving easier.
1) Cartwright’s Power Loom
2) Kay’s Flying Shuttel
These machines were expensive and took up a lot of space. Give 3 effects on the textile industry as a result of them.
1) The textile industry moved from the home to big buildings known as a factory.
2) The textile industry was controlled by rich factory owners.
3) Craftsmen had to move to cities where factory owners cruelly exploited them
Give an example of a location a Mill could be found.
Lancaster, England
What might a mill worker have done in a mill?
Operated spinning or weaving machines (e.g. Cartwright’s Power Loom).
How much were male mill workers paid?
€1 per week.
How much were female mill workers paid?
Half of what the men got (€0.50 per week).
Describe the climate of inside a mill.
It was always very hot and humid.
Were mill workers allowed to open windows?
No, if the mill workers opened the windows the cotton thread might snap.
Were the mills a safe place to work?
No, the machines were very dangerous (e.g. a woman’s hair might get caught in a machine and it could tear her scalp off).
What were the working hours like at mills?
The mill workers worked long hours (e.g. 6am to 8pm) with very short breaks.
What might children have done in the mill?
Children as young as 6 worked in mills crawling under machines to get cotton.
How much were children paid in the mills?
2c an hour.
What did the mill workers try to do to get treated fairer by the factory owners? Why didn’t it work?
They tried to set up trade unions. It didn’t work because the government had taken the side of the factory owners and banned trade unions (until 1825).
Give an example of where a coalfield could be found.
Yorkshire or South Wales.
Coal was very important in the smelting of steel, however it was not coal that was used but rather a substance derived from it. What was this substance and who figured out how to convert it?
Abraham Darby discovered how to convert coal into coke to smelt iron ore into “pig iron”.
Many coal mines could not be used due to flooding. Who figured out how to get around this and how?
Thomas Newcomen invented the steam engine. This machine could pump water out of the mines.
Who furthered Thomas Newcomen’s idea and what benefit was it to the industrial revolution?
James Watt furthered Thomas Newcomen’s steam engine by attaching a wheel to it. With belts, it could power machines in the textile industry and it was later used to power trains.
Give an example of a location a coal mine could be found.
Yorkshire or South Wales.
At what age could a boy work in a mine? Doing what?
At the age of 5 a boy could become a trapper. Trappers worked in mines by opening and closing the trap doors.
What is the second position a boy could be employed as in a mine?
At the age of 8 a boy could become a hurrier. Hurriers drag baskets of coal from the coal face to the surface.
