Section 2

Question 1

What are the ovaries?

Answer 1

-paired organs
-located near lateral walls of the pelvis
-2cm in length
-where the eggs, or ova, are produced and stored prior to ovulation

Question 2

what do the ligaments of the ovaries do? general function.

Answer 2

protect and anchor the ovaries

Question 3

the ovaries are also protected by an outer covering of __________ ___________ tissue

Answer 3

dense connective

Question 4

what are the 2 ligaments of the ovaries?

Answer 4

ovarian and suspensory ligaments

Question 5

the ovarian ligaments anchor the ovaries to the ________-

Answer 5

uterus

Question 6

the suspensory ligaments anchor the ovaries to the ______ ______

Answer 6

pelvic wall

Question 7

what is the connective tissue capsule that the ovaries are surrounded by called?

Answer 7

tunica albuginea

Question 8

deep to the tunica albuginea the ovaries are each divided into a ________ and ________

Answer 8

cortex and medulla

Question 9

what does the cortex in the ovaries contain?

Answer 9

many ovarian follicles, each at different stage in development towards becoming a mature follicle

Question 10

how many mature follicles are ovulated during a menstural cycle?

Answer 10

one

Question 11

what are the different developmental stages of a follicle, ordered?

Answer 11

1) Primordial Follicle:
2) Primary Follicle
3) Secondary Follicle
4)Graafian Follicle
5) Corpus Luteum

Question 12

the _________ follicle is the most immature of the follicles and is made up of single later of squamous cells surrounding the oocyte

Answer 12

primordial

Question 13

the _______ follicle develops from the primordial follicle, has two or more layers of cells surrounding the egg

Answer 13

primary

Question 14

the _______ follicle is surrounded by many layers of cells, and contains an antrum (fluid filled space)

Answer 14

secondary

Question 15

after ovulation the _______ _______ develops from the remnats of the mature follicle.

Answer 15

corpus luteum

Question 16

what does the corpus luteum produce?

Answer 16

-mainly progesterone
-to lesser extent: estrogen to support fetilization

Question 17

what happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization does not occur?

Answer 17

it degenerates

Question 18

the __________ follicle is the mature follicle that will be ovulated.

Answer 18

graafian

Question 19

ovulation is the _______ of a graafian follicle, where it is ejected from the ovary

Answer 19

rupture

Question 20

the _______ follicle is surrounded by multiple layers of cells and contains an antrum (but larger than 2nd follicle)

Answer 20

graafain

Question 21

what is the medulla of the ovaries?

Answer 21

inner region of the ovaries, contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics that supply the tissue of the ovary

Question 22

what are the uterine tubes?

Answer 22

the ducts of the female reproductive system, also referred to as the fallopian tubes or oviducts (10-12cm)

Question 23

what are the 3 regions of the uterine tubes?

Answer 23

-infundibulum
-ampulla
-isthmus
-fimbriae?

Question 24

what is the infundibulum of the uterine tubes?

Answer 24

-funnel shaped distal end
-opens into the peritoneal cavity
-has fimbriae: finger like extensions
-function: capture the egg after it is released from an ovary

Question 25

what is the ampulla of the uterine tubes?

Answer 25

longest and widest portion, where fetilization normally occurs

Question 26

what is the isthmus of the uterine tubes?

Answer 26

-proximal portion (closest to the uterus) -passes through the uterine wall -opening into the lumen of the uterus

Question 27

where is the uterus located?

Answer 27

between the urinary bladder and the rectum

Question 28

what is the uterus?

Answer 28

the organ that carries and supports the developing fetus during pregnancy and contracts to eject the fetus during childbirth

Question 29

what are the three regions of the uterus?

Answer 29

-fundus -body -cervix

Question 30

the ________ is the most superior portion of the uterus. it is dome shaped and extends between the uterine tubes.

Answer 30

fundus

Question 31

the ________ is the main part of the uterus and is composed of smooth muscle

Answer 31

body

Question 32

the ________ is the most inferior portion of the uterrus that projects into the vagina.

Answer 32

cervix

Question 33

what does the cervical canal connect to in the cervix

Answer 33

the vagina

Question 34

what are the two openings of the cervical canal?

Answer 34

-internal os: connects uterus and cervix -external os: connects cervix and vagina

Question 35

what other organ also a fundus ?

Answer 35

the stomach

Question 36

what are the 3 layers of the uterine wall?

Answer 36

-endometrium -myometrium -perimetrium

Question 37

what is the endometrium of the uterine wall?

Answer 37

-inner lining of uterus -undergoes changes throughout the menstral cycle -makes up 10% of total mass of uterus

Question 38

what is the myometrium of the uterine wall?

Answer 38

-middle layer -smooth muscle -makes up 90% of total mass of uterus

Question 39

what is the perimetrium of the uterine wall?

Answer 39

-thin outer layer -composed of serosa

Question 40

what is the uterus supported by? and what does it do

Answer 40

-broad ligament -drapes over the uterus

Question 41

what does the vegina connect the uterus to?

Answer 41

to the outside of the body

Question 42

what does the vagina act as?

Answer 42

the birth canal

Question 43

the vagina called be organized into layers of _______?

Answer 43

cells

Question 44

the _________ of the vagina is stratified squamous, produced glycogen, metabolized by bacteria into lactic acid, protects the vagina by creating acidic environment

Answer 44

mucosa

Question 45

the _________ is elastic, loose connective tissue, inner circular, very thick outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle, part of the vavgina

Answer 45

muscularis

Question 46

the vagina is covered by an ______-

Answer 46

adventitia

Question 47

which gland is responsible for secreting mucus into semen?

Answer 47

bulbourethral gland

Question 48

what is the external genitalia of the vagina?

Answer 48

-known as vulva or pudedum -includes: mons pubis, clitoris, labia majora, labia minora, vesitbule

Question 49

what is the mons pubis?

Answer 49

the adipose tissue overlying the pubic bone

Question 50

what is the clitoris?

Answer 50

-highly sensitive area -composed of erectile tissue -homologous to the corpora cavernosa in the male -includes: glans, crus, and bulb of vesitbule

Question 51

what is the labia majora?

Answer 51

-"large lips" -two elongated fatty folds of skin that are homologrous to the male scrotum -bear pubic hair

Question 52

what is the labia minora?

Answer 52

-"small lips" -two thin, fat free folds of skin close to the vestibule (opening of the vagina) -do not have pubic hair

Question 53

what is the vesitbule of the vulva?

Answer 53

-space bounded by the labia minora -bears external urethral and vaginal openings

Question 54

what are mammary glands?

Answer 54

-breasts -modified sweat glands -produce and secrete milk -15 to 20 lobes that contain glands -connective tissue seperate the lobes -function as the suspensory ligaments that attach the breast to the underlying muscle and overlying skin (conn tissue) -include lactiferous ducts: drain into the nipple -areola: pigmented area around the nipples

Question 55

what is ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 55

-fetilization can occur outside of the typical region of fertilization -results in implantation in an abormal location -usually implants in one of the fallopian tubes -fallopian tube would burst, and cause bleeding -could also fertilize somewhere else -1/60 pregnancies -risk factors: pelvic inflammatory disease, STI, history of eptopic, previous tubual surgery -must be treated