section 2

Question 1

study of the structure, functions, disorders, and diseases of the digestive system

Answer 1

Gastroenterology

Question 2

physical & chemical breakdown of complex nutrients into simpler, water-soluble substances

Answer 2

Digestion

Question 3

part of a tooth that we see

Answer 3

Crown

Question 4

hardest substance in the body

Answer 4

Enamel

Question 5

hard, bone like tissue; forms main part of tooth

Answer 5

Dentin

Question 6

contains nerves and blood vessels that enter the tooth through an opening at the tip of the root and pass through the root canal

Answer 6

pulp

Question 7

thin covering over the root, helps hold the tooth firmly in its socket

Answer 7

Cementum

Question 8

layer of tissue that produces cementum

Answer 8

periodontal membrane

Question 9

tissue surrounding the teeth; healthy gums fit tightly around each tooth, holding it firmly in place and protecting its roots from decay

Answer 9

Gingiva

Question 10

Treats diseases of the teeth and gums

Answer 10

Dentist

Question 11

Treats diseases and disorders of the digestive system

Answer 11

Gastroenterologist

Question 12

muscular organ that forms the softened food into a ball and then pushes it to the back of your mouth

Answer 12

Tongue

Question 13

throat

Answer 13

Pharynx

Question 14

small muscular flap of tissue suspended at the back of your mouth, closes the opening to your nasal passages

Answer 14

Uvula

Question 15

small flap of cartilage, closes over the top of the trachea (windpipe) to prevent the food from entering your respiratory tract

Answer 15

epiglottis

Question 16

protein molecules designed to activate or speed up chemical reactions in your body

Answer 16

Enzymes

Question 17

digestive juice containing water, mucus, and a digestive enzyme

Answer 17

Saliva

Question 18

muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach

Answer 18

Esophagus

Question 19

wave like contractions

Answer 19

Peristalsis

Question 20

muscular, saclike organ, has the largest diameter of any section of the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 20

Stomach

Question 21

mixture of hydrochloric acid, digestive enzymes, and mucus

Answer 21

gastric juice

Question 22

lining the stomach walls is coated with mucus to protect the stomach from digestive enzymes and the corrosive action of the acid

Answer 22

Mucous membrane

Question 23

longest part of the digestive tract

Answer 23

small intestine

Question 24

first 10 inches of the small intestine

Answer 24

duodenum

Question 25

wall of the small intestine is lined with a mucous membrane and millions of tiny, hairlike projections

Answer 25

Villi

Question 26

middle section of the small intestine

Answer 26

Jejunum

Question 27

longest part of the small intestine, into the colon

Answer 27

Ileum

Question 28

(large intestine) is larger in diameter than small intestine but shorter

Answer 28

Colon

Question 29

produces pancreatic juice which contains enzymes for digesting fats, carbohydrates, and proteins

Answer 29

pancreas

Question 30

largest internal organ of the body, performs hundreds of functions, such as changing sugar into glucose and storing various nutrients, including the mineral iron and the vitamins A, D, E, K, and B12

Answer 30

Liver

Question 31

digestive juice essential for breaking down fats and oils

Answer 31

Bile

Question 32

Bile flows through a duct to this saclike organ

Answer 32

Gallbladder

Question 33

simple sugars

Answer 33

monosaccharides

Question 34

two monosaccharides combined

Answer 34

disaccharides

Question 35

formed from long chains of simple carbohydrates

Answer 35

Polysaccharides

Question 36

building blocks of proteins

Answer 36

amino acids

Question 36

fatlike substance that can accumulate in blood vessels and restrict blood flow

Answer 36

Cholesterol

Question 37

chains of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Answer 37

Fatty acids

Question 38

general term for fatlike substances

Answer 38

Lipids

Question 39

makes fats solid at room temperature; fats that are liquid at room temperature are called oils

Answer 39

Saturation

Question 40

fat molecule lacks only one pair of hydrogen atoms

Answer 40

Monounsaturated

Question 41

lacks two or more hydrogen atom pairs

Answer 41

Polyunsaturated

Question 42

caused by a lack of some substance in the diet, can result from a serious shortage of vitamin C, vitamin B6, or vitamin B12

Answer 42

deficiency disease

Question 43

The four fat-soluble vitamins

Answer 43

A, D, E, and K

Question 44

though they are vitally important, needed in small quantities

Answer 44

trace elements