section 2

Question 1

2.1 animal and plant

cell membrane

Answer 1

controls what goes in/out

Question 2

2.1 animal and plant

nucleus

Answer 2

contains DNA (which is instructions)

Question 3

2.1 animal and plant

cytoplasm

Answer 3

jelly like substance that holds other organelles in place

Question 4

2.1 animal and plant

vacuoles

Answer 4

storage
> may store water or food

plants have larger ones

Question 5

2.1 animal and plant

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 5

produces/transports lipids

Question 5

2.1 animal and plant

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 5

produces/transports protein

Question 6

2.1 animal and plant

ribosomes

Answer 6

produce protein

Question 7

2.1 animal and plant

lysosomes

Answer 7

contain digestive enzymes

Question 8

2.1 animal and plant

golgi apparatus

Answer 8

package and transport molecules around the cell

Question 9

2.1 animal and plant

mitochondria

Answer 9

powerhouse of the cell
provides energy (ATP)

Question 10

2.1 plant

chloroplasts

Answer 10

stores solar energy in the form of sugar
photosynthesis occurs in them

Question 11

2.1 plant

cell wall

Answer 11

supports the cell (structure)

Question 12

2.1 animal and plant

nucleolous

Answer 12

produces ribosomes

Question 13

2.1

what are cells composed of

Answer 13

nucleic acids
proteins
lipids
carbohydrates
c,h,o,n elements

Question 14

plasma membrane/cell membrane

what is it made up of?

Answer 14

a phospholipid layer and some proteins
- 2 layers:
- hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads

Question 15

selectively/semi permeable

Answer 15

controls what enters and exits cells

Question 16

diffusion

osmosis and dialysis

Answer 16

materials go from high concentration to low concentration

osmosis is with water; dialysis is with solutes

Question 17

rate of diffusion

can be…

Answer 17

can be increased by adding energy and increasing molecular movement

Question 18

facilitated diffusion

Answer 18

molecules transported across membrane with the use of:
channel channel (small water soluable particles)
carrier proteins (large molecules

protein helps with diffusion; doesnt require energy

Question 19

active transport

Answer 19

materials go against the concentration gradiant (LOW TO HIGH)

requires ENERGY (ATP energy)

Question 20

concentration gradient

Answer 20

determines direction the water/solution will move

Question 21

isotonic

what does it do to animal/plant cells?

Answer 21

same concentration

concentration of cell and solute is equal

animal cell is normal
plant cell is flaccid

Question 22

hypotonic

what does it do to animal/plant cells?

Answer 22

less solute

concentration of solute is less than cell
diffuses solutes into the cell to balance

animal cell is lysed (burst)
plant cell is turgor

Question 23

hypertonic

what does it do to animal/plant cells?

Answer 23

more solute

concentration of solute is more than cell
diffuses solute out of cell to balance (to dilute the solution)

animal cell shrivels
plant cell membrane stretches (plasmolysis)

Question 24

endocytosis

Answer 24

cell pinches off small chunks of material ## Footnote the process by which cells take in substances from outside of the cell by engulfing them in a vesicle

Question 25

exocytosis

Answer 25

cell dumps out small chunk | a form of ACTIVE TRANSPORT ## Footnote a process for moving large molecules out of the cell to the cell exterior

Question 26

surface area

Answer 26

determines how much material can come in and leave | (materials come in via diffusion) ## Footnote we want more of this

Question 27

volume

Answer 27

how much is need (food + necessary gasses) and how much must be rid of (wastes)

Question 28

is a large or small SA:Volume ratio better for a cell? ## Footnote why are big cells bad?

Answer 28

BIG sa:vol ratio is GOOD SMALL sa:vol ratio is BAD | (when a cell gets too big, it divides) ## Footnote SA:Vol ratio gets smaller = bad; big cells are slow to respond to environment

Question 29

stem cell

Answer 29

cell that can turn into any type of cell