Section 2 & 3 - Wildland Fire & Private Managed Forest Land Flashcards
(138 cards)
1
Q
The MFLNRORD manages ______ to mitigate negative impacts to communities, critical infrastructure and natural resource inventories on both crown and private land base
A
Wildland fire
2
Q
Wildland fire references any _______ fire that occurs in the wildland
A
non-structure
3
Q
Wildland fire types include
A
- Wildfire
- Wildland fire use
- Prescribed fire
4
Q
A wildfire is:
A
Any unwanted wildland fire
5
Q
Prescribed fire terminology can be found here:
A
National Wildfire Coordinating Group – Glossary of Wildland Fire Terminology – Oct 2006
6
Q
Wildfire response and prevention is primarily focused on protecting:
A
- Lives
- Property
- Critical Infrastructure
- Government Forest Assets, particular timber
7
Q
Fire management is defined by:
A
Canadian Interagency Forest Fire Centre 2002 glossary
8
Q
CIFCC
A
Canadian Interagency Forest Fire Centre
9
Q
Fire management is defined by the CIFCC as:
A
Activities concerned with protection of people, property and forest areas from wildfire and the use of prescribed burning for the attainment of forest management and other land use objectives, all conducted in a manner that considers environmental, social and economic criteria
10
Q
Does forest management include prescribed burning?
A
Yes
11
Q
Prescribed burning is used for:
A
Attainment of forest management and other land use objectives
12
Q
Prescribed burning must consider _____, _____, and _____ criteria
A
- Environmental
- Social
- Economic
13
Q
______ is a holistic approach that incorporates land management with integration of fire regimes and fire effects
A
Fire management
14
Q
Fire management includes _____ treatments to achieve a stated reduction in wildfire risk or other objectives
A
Fuel management
15
Q
Balancing natural role and benefits of wildland fire with risk of wildfires represents a complex challenge, made more difficult by;
A
- Public expectation of the role of wildfire
- Increasing wildfire threat
- Forest health
- Increased human settlement and activity in forested areas
- Effects of climate change
16
Q
Managing wildland fire occurs in BC through a combination of ___ and ____
A
- policy
2. legislation
17
Q
Main policy and legislation that covers wildland fire:
A
- Wildfire Act
2. Wildfire Regulation
18
Q
Wildland fire management occurs primarily by ____ in partnership with ______
A
- BC Wildfire Service Branch
2. MFLNRORD
19
Q
BCWS
A
BC Wildfire Service
20
Q
Professionals have a role to play including:
A
- Operating at a time and manner that does not contribute to start or spread or fire
- Planning and scheduling harvest and silviculture activities to mitigate impacts of wildfire on adjacent areas and timber supply
- Accessing and abating a fire hazard created during industrial or high risk activities
21
Q
Vision of the BC Wildfire Service is to achieve excellence in:
A
- Wildfire mgmt.
2. Response services
22
Q
BC Wildfire Service Strategic Plan (2012-2017) sets out the ____, ____, ____and _____ of the organization
A
- Mandate
- Vision
- Mission
- Values
23
Q
BC Wildfire Service Strategic Plan (2012-2017) also provides _____ and _____ for wildfire management
A
- Strategic goals
2. Priorities
24
Q
Landscape ________ has been identified as a priority in the BC Forest Sector Strategy
A
fire management planning
25
The overall goal of fire management planning is to create fire resilient _____ and _______
communities and landscapes
26
Fire management planning aims to create fire resilient communities and landscapes through coordinated ______to mitigate fire impacts on priority values
planning and implementation of treatments
27
Fire management as defined by CIFCC:
Systematic, technological and administrative mgmt. process of determining the org, facilities, resources and procedures required to protect people, property and forest areas from fire and to use fire to accomplish forest mgmt. and other land use objectives.
28
Fuel mgmt. refers to:
Mechanical biomass removal & site prep of forest stands in order to modify potential fire behavior in fire-prone stands
29
Appropriate fuel treatment depends on ___________
the forest type at hand
30
Fuel management treatments include:
1. Thinning
2. Pile burning
3. Mulching
4. Prescribed fire
5. Stimulating growth of less flammable species such as deciduous
31
At the same time as managing fuel it is also important to balance other resources such as
1. VQ
2. Air quality
3. Wildlife habitat
4. Water
32
The long-term goal of the WFMS is to balance _____, ______, and _______ interests w/ the need to restore ecosystem resilience in areas w/ a recurring fire disturbance regime
1. Social
2. Economic
3. Ecological
33
A strong paradigm shift in fire mgmt. practices will require _____ and _____
1. Education
| 2. Public support
34
Implementation of the WFMS will result in
healthier forest and range ecosystems
35
Healthier forest and range ecosystems create
1. Communities that are less at risk from wildfire impacts
| 2. More cost-effective fire suppression program
36
A WFMS will be achieved by adopting a proactive approach to:
1. Reduce fire hazards & risks
2. Carefully use controlled burning
3. Monitor & manage, rather than suppress, forest that are of minimal risk to communities, infrastructure or resource values.
4. Implement land, NR & community planning that incorporates mgmt. of wildland fire
5. Develop a high level of public awareness and support for wildland fire mgmt.
37
Can allowing or starting fires in a planned way help Canadians avoid catastrophic fire daamge?
Yes
38
The Canadian Wildland Fire Strategy was established by
Canadian Council of Forest Ministers (CCFM)
39
CWFS
Canadian Wildland Fire Strategy
40
CWFS is based on improving & implementing well-developed and emerging techniques & tech from Canada & other countries. It includes:
1. Public education
2. National FireSmart program
3. Fuel mgmt. through strategic fire use
4. Training, infrastructure and tech
41
Proactively dealing w/ fire threat requires ___, ____ and ____
1. Policy dev
2. Investment
3. Broad participation
42
Do obligations under the Wildfire Act and Regulation apply to private land?
Yes. Wildfire Act & Regulations apply to both Crown and private land.
43
The key objective of the Wildfire Act is to clearly define the specific responsibilities of all users of forest lands & grasslands w/ respect to wildfire mgmt. including ____, ____, ____ and _____
1. Fire use
2. Prevention
3. Control operations
4. Rehabilitation
44
The Wildfire act allows the minister to establish policies and priorities for________
the efficient use of fire-fighting resources of the gov't
45
The Wildfire Act establishes a _______ approach to fire prevention and limits prescriptive regulations for industrial activities
results-based
46
The Wildfire Regulation provides the following:
1. Interpretation
2. Fire prevention prescriptions
3. Control responsibilities
4. Direction on the use of fire
47
The Wildfire Act & Regulation applies to:
1. Crown land, including Provincial Parks & protected areas
2. Private lands not regulated by govt bylaws w/ respect to the use of open fire
3. All industrial ops including forest industry, utility transmission, mining & railway ops
48
Key objective of the Wildfire Act is to clearly define the specific responsibilities of all users of forest lands and grass lands w/ respect to wildfire mgmt. including _____, _____, _____ and _____
1. Fire use
2. Prevention
3. Control operations
4. Rehabilitations
49
Wildfire Act sec. 7 defines a requirement for a person carrying out an industrial activity to both ____ and _____ fire hazards to have been created by the industrial activity
assess and abate
50
A primary harvester is relieved from having to abate an area if there is a _____ or a _____ issued to a secondary harvester on a portion of the same tenure area
1. Residue Forestry Licence to Cut
| 2. Fibre Recovery Permit
51
Wildfire Regulation secs. 11, 12, 12.1 & 12.2 define prescribed _____, _____, and _____ for which the fire hazard must be assessed and abated for specified categories of persons
1. Activities
2. Circumstances
3. Intervals
52
Specific categories of persons include
1. General pop
2. Qualified holders
3. Fibre recovery tenure holders
53
Does the Wildfire Regulation sec 11 state hazards assessments were amended to relieve the primary tenure holder from having to conduct hazard assessments if a secondary tenure has been issued?
Yes
54
Wildfire Reg sec 12.2 sets out the obligations for secondary harvesters with respect to the ____ and extent to which a fibre recovery tenure holder must abate
Limitation periods
55
Wildfire Reg sec 33 has been amended to specify the amount that can be awarded in the event there is a contravention of the Wildfire Act with respect to the terms of _____
Hazard abatement obligations and responsibilitites
56
Requirement to rehabilitate was originally noted in the ________ Forest Fire and Prevention Regulations
Forest Practices Code
57
Was the requirement to rehabilitate included in the drafting and passing of the Wildfire Act and Wildfire Regulation?
Yes
58
The requirement to rehabilitate was included in the drafting and passing of the _____ and ______
1. Wildfire Act
| 2. Wildfire Regulation
59
Industry and government are required to rehabilitate areas affected by _____
wildfire control activitites
60
Rehabilitation includes the requirement to:
1. Conduct a fire hazard assessment
2. Prepare a site rehabilitation plan
3. Implement the measures identified in the plan
61
Wildfire control activities may include:
1. Temporary Access Roads
2. Fuel Breaks
3. Fire Breaks
4. Land disturbance
5. Forest harvesting
62
It is good practice to ensure that ____, ____ and ____ are best located to provide a fire control objective and not affect environmental values
1. Roads
2. Fuel breaks
3. Fire breaks
63
Open burning is used in a wide variety of situations in BC, including:
1. Forestry resource management
2. Fire hazard abatement
3. Land clearing for development
4. Land clearing for agriculture
5. Residential/backyard burns
64
Open burning is a significant contributor to emissions of _____, ______ and ______
1. PM2.5
2. Nitrogen oxides
3. Volatile organic compounds
65
Overall goal of smoke management in BC is to:
Reduce health risks by minimizing human exposure to smoke from biomass burning
66
Three main strategies for reducing human exposure to smoke are:
1. Reducing emissions from biomass burning
2. Ensuring emissions from biomass burning occur in times & places where dispersion is good
3. Warning citizens of high levels of smoke and other pollution when they occur & advising appropriate actions to minimize exposure
67
EMA
Environmental Management Act (EMA)
68
Ability to introduce waste into the environment is governed through
Environmental Management Act secs 6(2) and 6(3)
69
EMA section 6(5)(a) allows waste to be introduced into the environment if the discharge is governed by a:
1. Permit
2. Approval
3. Order
4. Regulation and
5. Waste Management Plan approved by the minister
70
Is the open burning of vegetative debris allowed?
Yes, if it complies with a regulation/permit/approval.
71
Open burning is
Combustion of material w/ or w/o control of the combustion air and w/o a stack or chimney
72
Debris is
Disturbed of undisturbed vegetative matter targeted for mgmt or disposal by open burning.
73
_____ is a measure of the atmosphere's ability to disperse smoke emissions and is available either from Environment Canada or from the provincial government
Ventilation Index
74
VI (Ventilation Index) is available from
1. Environment Canada
| 2. Provincial Government
75
VI
Ventilation Index
76
____ and _____ within the mixing height affect how smoke is dispersed
1. Atmospheric stability
| 2. Wind speed
77
VI forecast must be ____ for the day any open burn is initiated and ___ or ___ for the second day
1. Good on the first day
| 2. Good or Fair for the second day
78
More debris must not be added to the open burning if weather conditions change so that:
1. VI becomes poor
2. Winds make smoke dispersion inadequate
3. Inversion occurs (trapping smoke near the surface)
79
OBSCR allows a director to prohibit open burning in an area for up to _____ if, in the opinion of the director, open burning is causing pollution as defined in EMA
1 month
80
Best management techniques focus on creating
A rapid, hot burn that minimizes total emissions and minimizes the smoke release period
81
Why is a shorter smoke release period advantageous?
Reduces the chances of weather conditions changing
82
Best management practices that go beyond the current regulatory requirements of OBSCR are:
1. Burn only dry seasoned vegetative debris
2. Pile construction
3. Rapid ignition
4. Restacking piles
5. Consideration of wind direction
83
Seasoning debris in a pile for ___ to ____ months over the summer is ideal
4 to 6
84
Vegetative debris piles can be seasoned over the winter if they are covered by a
waterproof coating
85
Pile construction mainly assists in reducing _____
smoke
86
Two best practices for pile construction include:
1. Minimizing soil
2. Minimizing stumps
3. Build tall piles
87
Rapid ignition can be assisted with accelerant materials such as:
1. Cardboard
2. Dry wood pieces
3. Diesel
4. Drip torches
5. Leaf blowers
88
_______ is a BC Assessment property classification that is intended to encourage private land owners to manage their lands for long-term forest production
Managed forest land
89
There are apprx. ______Ha of private managed forest land in the province
822,000
90
In 2015 ___ cubic metres were harvested
4.7 million
91
4.7 million cubic metres represents appx. ___ of the province's total harvest
7%
92
PMFL Act
Private Managed Forest Land Act
93
PMFL Act & regs apply to _____ classed as ___under the Assessment Act
private managed forest classed as managed forest land
94
The PMFL Land Act does not apply to:
1. TFLs
2. WL licences
3. Community forest agreement areas
95
TFLs, woodlot licenses and community forest agreements are regulated by
FRPA
96
MFC
Managed Forest Council
97
Which is the lead agency responsible for administering the PMFL Act & Regs?
Managed Forest Council
98
Who does the MFC report to?
Minister of FLNRORD
99
Managed Forest Council's powers and limitations are set out in the _____
PMFL Act
100
Objective of the MFC is to encourage forest mgmt. practices on private managed forest land that take into account ___, ____ and ____ benefits of those practices
1. Social
2. Environmental
3. Economic
101
Is private managed forest land legislation results-based?
Yes
102
Private managed forest land legislation places obligation on owners to carry out forest operations in accordance with the ______
PMFL Act
103
Is there statutory requirement for a private managed forest land owner to submit plans to the council?
No
104
Does the MFC approve operational plans?
No
105
Does the MFC issue permits?
No
106
Are owner plans subject to public review and comment?
No
107
Owners are bound by the planning requirements of the ____ and ____
1. Water Sustainability Act
| 2. Federal Fisheries Act
108
When crossings or in-stream works are planned, a notification and application under the Water Sustainability Act must be submitted to the _____
Ministry of Environment
109
MoE
Ministry of Environment
110
DFO
Department of Fisheries and Oceans
111
Who must be consulted when operations that may directly or indirectly affect an anadromous fish stream are being proposed?
Department of Fisheries and Oceans
112
Examples of ops that may directly or indirectly affect an anadromous fish stream are:
1. Upgrading a stream crossing
| 2. Repairing an existing road section within a riparian area
113
The key public environmental values that the managed forest legislation is intended to protect are:
1. Soil conservation
2. Water quality
3. Fish habitat
4. Critical wildlife habitat
5. Reforestation
114
Water quality protection includes protecting ______ both during and after harvesting
human drinking water
115
Fish habitat protection includes retaining sufficient _____ and _____ both during and after harvesting to protect streamside habitat
1. Streamside mature trees
| 2. Understory vegetation
116
Soil conservation protection includes protecting soil productivity on areas where harvesting has been carried out by minimizing amount of area occupied by:
1. Permanent roads
2. Landings
3. Excavated trails
4. Bladed trails
117
PMFL Acts & regulations are consistent with forest mgmt. objectives and address:
1. Road maintenance
2. Construction
3. Deactivation
4. Stream bank protection
5. Stream channel protection
6. Retention of merch & non-merch trees
7. Understory veg adjacent to streams
8. Protection of licensed water supply intakes
118
Does the PMFL regs define minimum reforestation densities?
Yes
119
Is the minister responsible for the Wildlife Act able to establish critical wildlife habitat on an owners land where there is an absence of suitable habitat on adjoining Crown land?
Yes
120
Private Managed Forest Land Act provides for the protection of
1. Public environmental values
2. Critical wildlife habitat
3. Species at risk
4. Water quality
121
PMFL Council Regulation lays out owner requirements with regards to:
1. Soil conservation
2. Structures & activities near streams
4. Water supply areas
5. Fish streams
6. Reforestation
122
Legislation pertinent to forest practices on private managed forest land includes:
1. Environmental Management Act
2. Water Sustainability Act
3. Drinking Water Protection Act
4. Wildlife Act
5. Fisheries Act
6. Forest Act
7. Assessment Act
123
The managed forest regulatory model has been described as a ____
modified results-based system
124
Does the managed forest regulatory model define specific standards?
Yes
125
Does the managed forest regulatory model establish owner requirements?
Yes
126
Specific standards under the managed forest regulatory model include
1. Number of trees to be retained adjacent to certain classes of fish streams
2. Tree density required for restocking and regen
3. Width of riparian buffer
127
Owners applying for managed forest land property assessment class must submit a _____
Management commitment
128
Who do management commitments need to be submitted to?
The council that establishes the owner's forest mgmt. objectives & strategies
129
Are owners required to report their forest mgmt. activities to the council?
Yes
130
How often are owners required to report their forest mgmt. activities to the council?
Annually
131
What kinds of forest mgmt. activities need to be submitted annually to the council?
1. Harvesting
2. Road building
3. Maintenance
4. Deactivation
5. Reforestation success
132
Is there an agency approval process under the PMFL Act?
No
133
Is there a continuous monitoring oversight under the PMFL Act?
No
134
Evaluation of owner performance is conducted through:
1. In response to public inquiries
2. Verification monitoring against an owner's annual declarations
3. Council initiated inspections or site visits
4. Independent, third part forest practices audits
135
If an inquiry is received from the public regarding an owner's performance, what can be done by the council?
1. Inspection of investigation
136
If a problem is found with an owner's performance, the emphasis is on _____ and _____
1. Correcting the error
| 2. Mitigating the damage
137
Are there administrative penalties and measures under the PMLF?
Yes.
138
Under what conditions can administrative penalties and measures under the PMLF be invoked?
1. Significant environmental damages
| 2. Poor standard of care
