Section 2

Question 1

Aliphatic amine + haloalkane

type of reaction

Answer 1

nucleophilic sub

Question 2

Aliphatic amine + haloalkane

conditions

Answer 2

heat

ammonia dissolved in ethanol

Question 3

Aromatic amine from nirobenzene

Answer 3

Tin, conc HCl and reflux

and add NaOH

Question 4

General formula of amino acid

Answer 4

RCH(NH2)COOH

Question 5

Amino acid + acid

Answer 5

Cl-H3N+

Question 6

Amino acid + base

Answer 6

COO-+Na + H2O

Question 7

Amino acid to ester

Answer 7

alcohol and c. sulfuric acid

Question 8

Amino acid + alcohol

Answer 8

ester and water

Question 9

Enantiomer

Answer 9

mirror images of each other and they cannot be superimposed

Question 10

Achiral

Answer 10

can be superimposed and doesn’t have optical isomers

Question 11

Optical isomers

light

Answer 11

Optically active - they rotate plane polarised light

one entantiomer rotates in a clockwise direction, the other rotates the same amount in opposite direction

Question 12

Polyamide

Answer 12

Dicarboxylic acid and diamine

Question 13

Polyester

Answer 13

Dicarboxylic acid and diol

Question 14

Cyanide and carbonyl type of reaction

Answer 14

Nucleophilic addition`

Question 15

Nitrile to primary amine

Answer 15

reduce using LiAlH4 and dilute acid

Question 16

Hydroxynitrile to primary amine

Answer 16

LiAlH4 and dilute acid

Question 17

Nitrile to COOH

Answer 17

refluc with dilute HCl

hydrolysis

Question 18

Extending carbon chain type of cyanide

Answer 18

KCN

Question 19

Purifying organic solids

Answer 19

Recrystallisation
hot solvent until just dissolves
cool it
filtrate under pressure and wash with ice cold solvent

Question 20

Testing purity

Answer 20

small amount of solid in capillary tube and place in beaker of oil with thermometer
heat until melts and record temp