Section 2 (Ch. 3 & 4)

Question 1

Braxton-Hicks Contractions

Answer 1

First uterine contractions, false labour contractions. Early as 6 months.

Question 2

Prostaglandins

Answer 2

Secreted from placenta and uterus when the fetus signals that it is ready to be born - cause cramping, excite muscles of uterus for contractions.

Question 3

Oxytocin

Answer 3

Stimulates contractions powerful enough to expel baby.

Question 4

Transition

Answer 4

When cervix is nearly dilated, head of fetus begins to move into vagina.

Question 5

Midwife

Answer 5

Regulated and publicly funded healthcare professionals. Specialized training.

Question 6

General Anesthesia

Answer 6

Puts woman to sleep by means of injected barbiturate, tranquilizers, oral barbiturates, narcotics.

Question 7

Local Anesthesia

Answer 7

More common, reduces anxiety and perception of pain without putting mother to sleep. External genitals numbed with injection.

Question 8

C-Section

Answer 8

Abdominal Surgery. Cut through abdomen and uterus.

Question 9

Anoxia

Answer 9

Without oxygen.

Question 10

Hypoxia

Answer 10

Under oxygen.

Question 11

Breech (Bottom-First) Presentation

Answer 11

Buttocks first child-birth.

Question 12

Preterm

Answer 12

When birth occurs at or before 37 weeks of gestation.

Question 13

Near Term

Answer 13

Between 34-36.

Question 14

Lanugo

Answer 14

Fine, downy, hair.

Question 15

Vernix

Answer 15

Oily white substance on skin.

Question 16

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Answer 16

Weak and irregular breathing, typical preterm babies.

Question 17

Incubators

Answer 17

Heated, protective containers for premature infants.

Question 18

Small for Dates

Answer 18

Newborns who are small for their age.

Question 19

Postpartum Period

Answer 19

Immediately following childbirth.

Question 20

Postpartum Depression

Answer 20

Serious maternal depression following delivery; sadness, apathy, worthlessness.

Question 21

Bonding

Answer 21

The formation of bonds of attachment between parents and children - essential to survival and well-being of child.

Question 22

Agpar Scale

Answer 22

Measure of newborn’s health that assesses appearance, pulse, grimace, activity levels, and respiratory effort. 1-10.

Question 23

Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale

Answer 23

Measure of newborn’s motor behaviour, response to stress, adaptive behaviour, control of physiological stage.

Question 24

Reflexes

Answer 24

Unlearned responses to stimuli.

Question 25

Rooting Reflex

Answer 25

The response of turning the mouth and head toward the stroking of the cheek or corner of the mouth.

Question 26

Moro Reflex

Answer 26

Arching back, flinging arms legs, drawing back in, response to sudden change in position.

Question 27

Grasping Reflex

Answer 27

Palmar, grasping objects that touch palm.

Question 28

Stepping Reflex

Answer 28

Taking steps when held under the arms and leaned forward so feet press ground.

Question 29

Babinski Reflex

Answer 29

Fanning toes when soles of feet are stroked.

Question 30

Tonic-Neck Reflex

Answer 30

Turning head to one side, extending arms and leg on side, flexing limbs on opposite.

Question 31

Visual Accommodation

Answer 31

Self-adjustments made by eye's lenses to bring objects into focus.

Question 32

Convergence

Answer 32

Inward movement of eyes to focus on object drawing nearer.

Question 33

Amplitude

Answer 33

Loudness

Question 34

Pitch

Answer 34

Highness or lowness.

Question 35

REM

Answer 35

Dreams are likely

Question 36

Non-REM

Answer 36

Dreams unlikely

Question 37

SIDS

Answer 37

The death, while sleeping, of apparently healthy babies who stop breathing.

Question 38

Shaken-Baby Syndrome

Answer 38

Violent shaking of an infant, often to stop crying.

Question 39

Differentiation

Answer 39

Tendency of behaviours to become more specific and distinct.

Question 40

Failure to Thrive

Answer 40

A disorder of infancy and early childhood, variable eating and inadequate gains in weight.

Question 41

Canalization

Answer 41

Return to one's genetically determined pattern of growth.

Question 42

Micronutrients

Answer 42

Nutrients required in small doses.

Question 43

Macronutrients

Answer 43

Nutrients required in large amounts.

Question 44

Vaccines

Answer 44

Small amount of dead or weakened germs, when taken in infants body, allows immune system to protect itself against disease by creating antibodies.

Question 45

Neurons

Answer 45

Cells in NS that transmit messages.

Question 46

Dendrites

Answer 46

Short fibers extending from call body, receive messages from adjoining transmitting neurons.

Question 47

Axons

Answer 47

Long thin part of neuron that transmit impulses to other neurons through branching structures called axon terminals.

Question 48

Neurotransmitters

Answer 48

Chemicals that transmit neural impulses across a synapse from one neuron to another.

Question 49

Myelin Sheath

Answer 49

Fatty, whitish substance that encases and insulates axons.

Question 50

Myelination

Answer 50

The process by which axons are coated with myelin.

Question 51

Multiple Sclerosis

Answer 51

Hard, fibrous tissue replaces myelin, impeding neural transmission

Question 52

Medulla

Answer 52

Area of hindbrain involved in heartbeat and respiration

Question 53

Cerebellum

Answer 53

Part of hindbrain for coordination and balance

Question 54

Cerebrum

Answer 54

Learning, thought, memory, language, muscle control.

Question 55

Plasticity

Answer 55

Ability of the brain to compensate for injuries in particular areas by developing new neural pathways.

Question 56

Pincer Grasp

Answer 56

Grasping objects between finger and thumb.

Question 57

Locomotion

Answer 57

Movement from one place to another.

Question 58

Toddler

Answer 58

Child who walks with short uncertain steps.

Question 59

Habituation

Answer 59

Becoming used to stimulus and therefore paying less attention to it.