SECTION 2 DRIVING SAFELY Flashcards
(332 cards)
1
Q
What is the most important reason you inspect your vehicle?
A
Safety
2
Q
Are you required to inspect your vehicle?
A
Yes. Federal and state laws require drivers to inspect their vehicles.
3
Q
What happens if a federal or state inspector judges your vehicle to be unsafe?
A
They will put it “out of service.”
4
Q
During a trip, how should you check for signs of trouble?
A
Watch gauges.
Use your senses - look, listen, smell, feel.
Check critical items when you stop.
5
Q
During a trip, what critical items should you check when you stop?
A
Tires, wheels, and rims.
Brakes.
Lights and reflectors.
Brakes and electrical connections to trailer.
Trailer coupling devices.
Cargo securement devices.
6
Q
What should you do at the end of the trip, day, or tour of duty?
A
Perform an after-trip inspection.
7
Q
How much tread depth should front tires have?
A
At least 4/32-inch tread depth in every major groove.
8
Q
How much tread depth should non-front tires have?
A
2/32 inch
9
Q
Is it okay for fabric to show through the tread or sidewall?
A
No.
10
Q
Is it okay for dual tires to come into contact with each other or other parts of the vehicle?
A
No.
11
Q
Is it okay to use radial and biased-ply tires together?
A
No.
12
Q
What is prohibited on front wheels of a bus?
A
Re-grooved, recapped, or retreaded tires.
13
Q
What could rust around wheel nuts indicate?
A
That the nuts are loose. Check their tightness.
14
Q
What should you do after a tire has been changed?
A
Stop a short while later and recheck the tightness of nuts
15
Q
Are wheels or rims with welding repairs safe?
A
No.
16
Q
How much steering wheel play is unsafe?
A
More than 10 degrees (approximately 2 inches movement at rim of a 20-inch steering wheel).
17
Q
How many broken or missing leaves are allowed in a leaf spring?
A
If 1/4 or more are missing it will put the vehicle “out of service” but any defect could be dangerous.
18
Q
What emergency equipment should your vehicle contain?
A
Fire extinguisher.
Spare electrical fuses. (Unless equipped with circuit breakers)
Warning devices for parked vehicles (e.g. 3 reflective triangles or 6 fusees or 3 liquid burning flares)
19
Q
What should you inspect regarding cargo?
A
Make sure truck is not overloaded and that the cargo is balanced and secured before each trip. If cargo contains hazardous materials, you must inspect for proper papers and placards.
20
Q
If working properly, ABS indicator lights on the dash should come on and then turn off when the engine is started.
A
True. If it stays on, the ABS is not working properly.
21
Q
What does it mean if the yellow light on the left rear of the trailer stays on?
A
The ABS is not working properly.
22
Q
What does ABS stand for?
A
Anti-lock braking system.
23
Q
After starting vehicle, how long before oil pressure gauge should come up to normal levels?
A
Within seconds.
24
Q
After starting vehicle, how long for air pressure to build rom 50 to 90 psi?
A
Within 3 minutes.
25
After starting, how long for coolant and engine oil temperature to rise to normal range?
After starting, they should begin gradual rise to normal range.
26
What is idling oil pressure range?
5-20PSI
27
What is operating oil pressure range?
35-75PSI
28
What is normal Oil Pressure range?
Idling 5-20PSI
Operating 35-75PSI
29
What should you do if oil pressure is low, dropping, or fluctuating?
Stop immediately! Without oil the engine can be destroyed rapidly.
30
What color should rear turn signal lights be?
Red, yellow, or amber
31
What color should taillights be?
Red
32
What color should marker lights and reflectors be?
Red at rear, others amber.
33
How do you test hydraulic brakes for leaks?
With engine started. Pump the pedal 3 times, then apply firm pressure to the pedal and hold for 5 seconds. The pedal shouldn’t move. If it does, there may be a leak.
34
How do you test the parking brake?
Set brake. Low gear. Pull forward to make sure brake holds.
35
How to test service brake stopping action?
Go about 5 mph. Push brake firmly. Look for unusual pedal “feel” , delayed stopping action, or pulling to one side.
36
If transporting cargo, when should you inspect the securement of the cargo?
Within first 50 miles of a trip, and every 150 miles or every 3 hours after ( whichever comes first) .
37
Is it okay to roll back a little when starting your vehicle?
No.
38
How to prevent rolling back when starting vehicle?
Put on parking brake and release only when have enough engine power.
39
Why is rough acceleration bad?
It can cause mechanical damage and can damage coupling if pulling a trailer.
40
When traction is poor, like in rain or snow, how should you accelerate?
Very gradually.
41
What could happen if you use too much power to accelerate when traction is poor, such as in rain or snow?
Drive wheels may spin, and you could lose control.
42
What should you do if drive wheels begin to spin?
Take your foot off of the accelerator.
43
How should you hold the steering wheel?
Firmly with both hands on opposite sides of he wheel
44
How do you stop safely?
Push brake pedal gradually. Amount of pressure depends on speed and how quickly need to stop.
45
When is backing up not dangerous?
Never. Always dangerous because can’t see everything behind vehicle.
46
How to back up safely?
Avoid backing whenever possible. Try to park so you won’t have to back up.
Start in best position that allows you to back safely.
Look at your path of travel before you begin. Check side and overhead clearance.
Use both side mirrors frequently. Get out and check path if unsure.
Back as slowly as possible.
Back and turn to DRIVER’S SIDE so that you can see better. You can watch the rear of your vehicle out side window. Go around block if necessary to put vehicle in such a position. It’s worth it.
Use a helper if possible. Agree on hand signals and be able to see helper as he stands near back of vehicle.
47
T or F most heavy vehicles with manual transmission require double clutching to changer gears ? And
True
48
What is the method for shifting up with double Clutching?
Release accelerator, push in, clutch and shift to neutral at the same time.
Release the clutch.
Let engine and gears slow down to the RPM required for the next gear.
Pushed in clutch and shift to the higher gear at the same time .
Release clutch and pressed accelerator at the same time .
49
What happens if you stay in neutral too long when double clutching?
You may have difficulty putting the vehicle into the next gear
50
How do you know when to shift (up or down)?
Use engine speed- learn operating range from manual. when the tachometer reaches the top of the range, shift up.
Use road speed - learn what speed switchgear is good for. Then use the speedometer to know when to shift up.
With either method, you may learn to use engine sounds to know when to shift.
51
What is progressive shifting?
A feature on some newer vehicles. The rpm at which you shift becomes higheras you move up in the gears.
52
What is this basic method  for shifting down?
Release, accelerator, push in clutch, and shift to neutral at the same time.
Release clutch.
Press, Excelerator, increase engine and gear speed to the rpm required in the lower gear.
Push inclutch and shift to lower gear at the same time.
Release clutch and press the accelerator at the same time.
53
Under what special circumstances should you shift down?
Before starting down a hill. Before entering a curve.
54
What should you do before starting down a hill?us
Slow down and shift down to a speed that you can control without using the brakes hard.
55
Why shift down before starting down a hill?
Because if you have to use the brakes hard, they can overheat and lose their braking power.
56
What happens if brakes overheat?
They can lose their braking power.
57
What gear should you be in before starting down a hill?
Usually a gear lower than the gear required to climb the same hill.
58
Why downshift before entering a curve?
It lets you use some power through the curve to help vehicle be more stable while turning. It also allows you to speed up as soon as you are out of the curve.
59
How do you control multi-speed rear axles and auxiliary transmissions?
Usually with a selector knob or switch on the gearshift lever of the main transmission.
60
With automatic transmission, what should you do before going down a grade. This is very important.
Select Low Range. This gives greater engine braking. It prevents the transmission from shifting up beyond the selected gear
61
What do retarders do?
help slow a vehicle, reducing the need to use your brakes. they reduce brake wear and give you another way to slow down.
62
How many types of retarders are there?
4 - exhaust, engine, hydraulic, and electric
63
Can retarders be turned on and off?
Yes. All can be turned on or off by the driver.
64
Can retarders be adjusted?
On some vehicles.
65
How do retarders work?
When turned on, they apply their braking power (to the drive wheels only), whenever you let up on the accelerator all the way.
66
When should you NOT use a retarder?
When the road is wet, icy, or snow covered, because the retarder may cause the drive wheels to skid when traction is poor.
Also, because they're noisy, retarders may not be permitted in some areas.
67
How far ahead should you look while driving?
12 to 15 seconds. At low speeds this is about 1 block. At highway speeds, it's about 1/4 mile.
68
When should mirrors be adjusted?
Before the start of any trip and while the trailer is straight.
69
You mirror should show some part of your vehicle?
Yes. this will give you a reference point for judging the position of the other images.
70
How should you check you mirrors while driving?
Quickly. Check them quickly and understand what you see.
71
Do things seem farther away or closer when looking in a covex mirror?
Farther away.
72
Do things appear larger or smaller in a convex mirror?
Smaller.
73
Why use a convex mirror?
They show a wider area.
74
What are three good rules for using turn signals?
Signal early, signal continuously, cancel the signal.
75
Should you change lanes quickly or slowly?
Slowly and smoothly, so that a driver you didn't see may have a chance to honk or avoid you.
76
How to warn drivers behind you that you'll need to slow down?
Tap lightly on the brake pedal - enough to flash the brake lights.
77
When should you use the four way flashers?
When you are driving very slowly or are stopped.
78
What should you do if you see a hazard ahead that will require slowing down?
Tap on brakes a few times to warn the drivers behind you.
79
T or F Laws regarding the use of 4 way emergency flashers vary from state to state?
True
80
When should you help direct traffic?
Never. Don't signal that it is safe to pass. It could cause an accident. you could be blamed and it could cost you money.
81
What should you do when passing a vehicle, pedestrian, or bicyclist?
Assume they don't see you. If legal, tap the horn lightly or , at night, flash you lights from low to high beam and back.
82
Where to put triangles if pulled over on a 2-lane road or on an undivided highway?
What if there's a hill, curve, or obstruction?
100 feet in front. 10 feet behind to mark the vehicle. and 100 feet behind. (it actually says within 10 feet of the front or rear corners to mark the locaton of the vehicle)
Back beyond any hill, curve, or obstruction that prevents other drivers from seeing the vehicle within 500 feet.
If line of sight view is obstructed due to hill or curve, move the rear most triangle beyond the obstructon (100-500')
83
How calculate stopping distance?
Perception distance + Reaction Distance + Braking distance = Total Stopping distance
84
What is definition of perception distance?
The distance your vehicle travels, in ideal conditions, from the time your eyes see a hazard until your brain recognizes it.
85
What is the average perception time for an alert driver? How far will you travel during this time?
1.75 seconds At 55mph, 142 ft traveled
86
what can affect perception distance?
Visibility and the hazard itself.
87
What is the definition of reaction distance?
This distance you will continue to travel, in ideal condition, before you physically hit the brakes in response to a hazard seen ahead.
88
What is the average reaction time for a driver? How fare will you travel during this time?
.75 seconds. At 55mph, 61 ft.
89
What is definition of braking distance?
The distance your vehicle will travel, in ideal conditions, while you are braking.
90
What is the average braking distance?
At 55mph on dry pavement with good brakes, it can take about 216 feet.
91
What is average total stopping distance?
At 55mph, 419 feet. ( 142 + 61 + 216)
92
When you double your speed from 20 to 40mph, the braking distance is ___ times longer and the striking impact is ____ times greater. When you triple speed from 20 to 60, braking distance and striking impact is ____ times greater. When you quadruple speed from 20 to 80, impact and braking distance is ____ times greater.
4, 4
9,
16
93
at 45mph, total stopping distance is ____
319 feet
94
Brakes work harder to stop a heavier vehicle. T or F
True. They work harder and absorb more heat.
95
Fully loaded trucks require greater stopping distances than empty trucks. T or F
False. Empty trucks require greater stopping distances because they have less traction.
96
Brakes, tires, springs, and shock absorbers on heavy vehicles are designed to work best when the vehicle is partially loaded. T or F
False. They're designed to work best when the vehicle is fully loaded.
97
What is friction between the tire and road called?
Traction
98
It is still possible to steer and brake a vehicle without traction.
False. You can't stter or brake a vehicle unless you have traction.
99
It is harder to stop and harder to turn without skidding when the road is slippery. T or F
True
100
True or False. Wet roads can double stopping distance.
True
101
In order to be able to stop in the same distance as on a dry road, you must reduce speed by about ___ on a wet road and by about ___ on packed snow. If road is icy, you should ______.
1/3 (e.g. slow from 55 to 35) on wet road
1/2 or more on packed snow
reduce speed to a crawl and stop driving asap on icy road.
102
Melting ice is more slippery than ice that isn't wet. T or F
True
103
When is cold, ______ areas will remain icy and slippery long after other areas have melted.
Shaded areas
104
_______ will freeze before the road will
Bridges
105
When it is below freezing and the road looks wet, watch out for ______
black ice
106
An easy way to check for ice is to feel the front of _____
the mirror, mirror support, or antenna
107
Oil left on the road by vehicles makes the road very slippery ____
Just after rain begins. The water-oil mixture is very slippery. If rain continues, it will wash the oil away.
108
to regain control when hydroplaning, you should
release accelerator and push in the clutch. This will slow vehicle and allow wheels to turn freely
109
Hydroplaning is like waterskiing T or F
True. the tires lose contact with the road and have little or no traction.
110
When hydroplaning, lightly apply the brakes to slow down. T or F
False. Don't use the brakes when hydroplaning.
111
Hydroplaning can occur at speeds as low as ___
30mph
112
Hydroplaning is more likely to occur when _____ is low or ______ is worn.
tire pressure, tread
113
Trucks with a high _____ can roll over at the posted speed limit on curves.
center of gravity
114
If you take a curve too fast, you could lose traction and ______ or you could keep traction and _____.
skid off the road,
roll over
115
Accelerating slightly in a curve will help you keep control.
True
116
Braking in a curve is safe. T or F
False. It's easier to lock the wheels and cause a skid.
117
You should always be able to stop within what distance?
Within the distance you can see ahead.
118
When in heavy traffic, the safest speed is ____.
The speed of other vehicles.
119
True or false. In many states, speed limits for trucks and buses are lower than for cars.
True.
120
The principal way to control speed on downgrades is to ______
use the braking effect of the engine. This is greatest when it is near the governed rpms and the transmission is in the lower gears.
121
Speed increases on downgrades due to ____
gravity
122
It is okay to exceed the "Maximum Safe Speed" _____.
never
123
The number one cause of injury and death in roadway work zones is ____
speeding traffic
124
The vehicle that trucks and buses run into most often is _____
the one in front of them
125
The most frequent cause of running into the vehicle in front of you is ____
following too closely
126
How much space should you keep in front of you at speeds below ___? At speeds above ___?
Below 40mph - 1 second for each 10 ft of vehicle length.
Above 40 mph - add 1 second for safety.
Remember, More stopping distance required if road is slippery.
127
If driving 60 ft vehicle, how much space keep in front of you if travelling below 40 mph. Over 40 mph?
6 secs - 1 sec for each 10 ft of length
7 secs - 1sec/10ft + 1 sec for safety
Remember, More stopping distance required if road is slippery.
128
If someone is tailgating you, you should ____ . Don't ____ or _____.
increase you following distance.
Don't speed up or use tricks (flashing tailights or brake lights).
129
When travelling, stay center in your lane. T or F
True. gives safer side clearance
130
When travelling, it's best to travel alongside other vehicles if possible. T or F
False. Vehicle may change lanes suddenly and turn into you. Or you could be trapped when need to change lanes.
131
Strong winds affect lighter vehicles more than heavier vehicles.
True
132
Strong winds are especially a problem when _____.
coming out of tunnels. So don't exit along side other vehicles if possible.
133
You should drive closer to the center of the road when ______
road causes vehicle to tilt and there could be a problem clearing objects along edge of road (signs, trees, etc.)
134
weight of a cargo van will change its height. T or F
True. Empty van is higher than a loaded one.
135
it's safe to assume that the heights posted at bridges and overpasses are correct. T or F
False. Re-paving or packed snow may have reduced the clearances.
136
Warnings are always posted at low bridges and underpasses.
False. Sometimes they are not.
137
Space under a vehicle can be very small when vehicle is heavily loaded.
True
138
Especially watch clearance below vehicle when crossing _____
drainage channels and railroad tracks. And travelling on dirt roads and unpaved yards.
139
When turning right, you should turn like a jug handle. T or F
False. you should turn like button hook, keeping rear of vehicle close to the curb.
140
When turning right, keep rear of vehicle close/far from curb?
Close.
141
When turning left, you need to start the turn before you reach the center of the intersection. T or F
False. Make sure you reach the center before starting the left turn. If you turn too soon. The left side of your vehicle may hit another vehicle because of off-tracking.
142
When turning left, if there are 2 turning lanes, always use the _____ turn lane.
right.
143
Before starting across a road, make sure _____
you can get all the way across before traffic reaches you.
144
Trucks require a larger gap to enter into traffic than a car. T or F.
True. Because of vehicle size and slow acceleration.
145
If vehicle is loaded, allow more room before entering traffic.
True. Because acceleration will be lower.
146
What is a hazard?
Any road condition or other road user that is a possible danger.
147
Seeing hazards lets you be prepared before they become ____
emergencies.
148
_________ require drivers to slow and change lanes when approaching a roadside incident or emergency vehicle.
Move-Over Laws
149
Which of the following is not a hazard - work zones, drop off, foreign objects, on/off ramps, other drivers?
They are all hazards.
150
What does the slow moving vehicle symbol look like?
A red triangle with an orange center.
151
You are "in conflict" when ____
When you have to change speed and/or direction to avoid hitting someone.
152
When should you look for hazards?
Always
153
When you see a hazard, what should you do?
Think of what emergencies could develop and plan what you should do.
154
Driving distractions only occur inside the vehicle. T or F
False. Distractions possible occur outside the moving vehicle, including outside traffic, outside events, billboards, sunlight, etc...
155
Large truck crashes occur more frequently due to internal distractions rather than external distractions.
False. According to a study, 2% occurred due to internal distractions, 8% due to external distractions.
156
Talking on a cell phone (even hands free) saps the brain of ___ the energy it would ordinarily devote to safe driving.
39%
157
_______ distractions cause you to take your hands off the wheel or eyes off the road.
Physical
158
______ distractions cause you to take your mind off the road.
Mental
159
CMV drivers are restricted by Federal law from using hand held mobile telephones T or F
True
160
Hands-free devices are less likely than hand-held devices to cause a driver to be distracted. T or F
False
161
What is penalty for being convicted of state law on hand held use while operating a CMV?
CDL disqualified for 60 days for 2nd offense within 3 years and 120 days for 3 or more offenses within 3 years.Also penalties up to $2750
162
T or F. You may use a hand-held device to call law enforcement or emergency services.
True
163
Odds of being involved in a safety critical event (crash, near crash, or lane deviation) is ___ times greater for CMV drivers engaged in dialing a phone number.
6
164
On average, a driver going 55mph takes his eyes of the road for _____ while trying to dial a number.
The length of a football field. 3.8 sec 306 feet
165
Odds of being involved in a safety critical event (crash, near crash, or lane deviation) is ___ times greater for CMV drivers engaged in texting.
23.2
166
On average, a driver going 55mph takes his eyes of the road for _____ while sending or receiving texts.
4.6 seconds, 371 feet
167
What is penalty for being convicted of state law on texting while operating a CMV?
CDL disqualified for 60 days for 2nd offense within 3 years and 120 days for 3 or more offenses within 3 years.Also penalties up to $2750
168
What is definition of texting regard federal law?
Manually entering text into or reading text from an electronic device
169
T or F Text messaging is riskier than talking on a cell phone.
True. Text messaging involves both physical and mental distraction simultaneously.
170
If drivers react ____ seconds slower because of distractions, crashes double.
1/2
171
Drivers can reach for a mobile phone as long as they use the hands-free function.
False.
172
Operating a motor vehicle in a selfish, bold, or pushy manner, without regard for the safety of others is called
Aggressive driving
173
Operating a motor vehicle with the intent of doing harm to others or physically assaulting a driver or their vehicle is called
Road rage
174
when confronted by an aggressive driver, don't look them in the eye T or F
True
175
If you witness an aggressive driver, you should call the police on your cell phone if you can do it safely. T or F
True
176
T or F driving at night is more dangerous than driving in daylight
T. CANT SEE HAZARDS AS QUICKLy
177
T or F Using dark or tinted lenses should be used at night to help with glare.
FALSE. Even if you think they help with glare, avoid using tinted glasses at night. They cut down on the light you need to see clearly.
178
T or F Fatigued or drowsy driving is one of the leading causes of traffic collisions.
T
179
T or F individuals who drive during the day are just as likely to have fall-asleep crashes as night drivers.
False.
180
T or F. Feeling restless or irritable is a warning sign of fatigue.
True
181
What should you do if younnotice any signs of fatigue.
Stop driving and go to sleep for the night or take a 15-20 min nap
182
—- hrs of sleep or less triples your risk
6
183
Adults need —- hrs of sleep to maintain alertness
8 to 9
184
To maintain alertness you should take periodic breaks how often?
about every 100 miles or 2 hrs
185
What should you do when lighting is poor or confusing?
Drive slower. Drive slowly enough to be sure you can stop in the distance you see ahead.
186
With low beams, you can see ahead about ___ feet.
250
187
With high beams, you can see ahead about —- ft
350-500
188
T or F. Headlights should be adjusted by a qualified person
T
189
T or F dirty headlights may give only half the light they should
T
190
for safe driving at night clean inside/outside/both of windshield
Both
191
Clean mirrors and windshields are more/less/equally important to have at night as in daylight
More. Bright lights can cause dirt to create Glare.
192
At night you should dim your lights when within —— of an oncoming vehicle and when following another vehicle within —- .
500ft. 500ft
193
How can you avoid glare of oncoming vehicles?
Don’t look directly at oncoming vehicles. Look slightly to the right at a right lane or edge marking, if available
194
When should you use high beams?
When safe and legal to do so. Use them when not within 500 ft of approaching vehicle.
195
T OR f you should adjust instrument lights as low as you can to still be able to read them
True. Because you don’t want inside of your cab to be to bright. Makes it harder to see outside.
196
The best advice for driving in fog is
Don’t
197
In fog, how can you maintain best visibility
Turn on ow beams, fog lights, and 4 way flashers.
198
In fog, use taillights and headlights in front of you to determine how the road my curve ahead of you t or f
False. Those vehicles could be off the road. Use roadside highway reflectors.
199
In fog, it’s best to pull over to side of road until visibility is better t or f
False. Don’t stop on side of road. But it is preferable that instead of driving in fog, you should pull off the road in a rest area or truck stop
200
T or f. Avoid passing other vehicles in fog
True
201
Tire chains should never be used. T or f
False.
202
Tire chains should be checked for what
Broken hooks and worn or broken cross links. Make sure you have enough chains and cross links and that you know how to put them on.
203
In winter, make sure the winterfront is closed tightly. T or f.
False. If it’s closed too much, the engine may overheat and stop
204
A lack of spray on the road from other vehicles could indicate —-
That Ice has formed on the road
205
Wet brakes cause brakes to ——
Get weak, apply unevenly, or to grab
206
Wet brakes can cause
Lack of braking power, wheel lock ups, pulling to one side, jackknifes
207
If you must drive through a deep puddle or flowing water, you should
Slow down and be in low gear, gently put on brakes to press the linings against the drums/discs to keep material and water from getting in. Increase rpm and cross the water while keeping light pressure on the brakes. (SO YOURE PRESSING ACCELERATOR and BRAKE AT SAME TIME)When out of the water, maintain light pressure for a short distance to heat up the brakes and dry them out. When safe to do so, make test stop I.e. apply brakes to make sure they work well. If not, try above method to dry them out again.
208
Tir air pressure increases/decreases as temp increases.
Increases
209
In hot weather, let air out of tire or else pressure will be too high. T or f
False. Don’t, because when the tires cool, the pressure will be too low.
210
In hot weather, you should inspect the tires how often?
Every 2 hrs or every 100 miles
211
Engine oil helps cool an engine. T or f
True. It cools engine as well as lubricating it.
212
T or f. Sight glasses, see-through overflow containers, and recovery containers allow you to check coolant level while engine is hot
T
213
T or f if you can touch the radiator cap with your bare hand, it is probably cool enough to open
True
214
Turning the radiator cap to the first/second stop releases the pressure seal
First. Step back while all pressure is released. Then press down on cap and turn further to remove. It. Then add coolant if necessary.
215
Check V belt tightness how?
Pressing on the belts. Learn how to do this.
216
V be,tsp should be checked for what?
Looseness. Cracks. Signs of wear.
217
What will happen if belts are loose?
Won’t turn water pump and/or fan properly. Result will be overheating.
218
What is bleeding tar? Why dangerous?
Spots where tar in the pavement rises to the surface in very hot weather. It’s very slippery.
219
T or F high speeds create more heat for the tires and engine.
True
220
At a passive crossing, the decision to cross or not is totally up to you.
True.
221
What is a passive crossing.
Railroad crossing without any type of traffic control device.
222
What is an active crossing.
Crossing with traffic control device to regulate traffic. Include flashing red lights, bells, gates.
223
Advanced railroad crossing warning sign looks like what?
Round yellow with black x. 2 dots. R R
224
What does advanced railroad warning sins and pavemen5 markings mean ?
Slow down, look and listen for a train, be prepared to stop at tracks if a train is coming.
225
Wha5 does railroad pavemen5 marking look like?
X with R R and no passing marking. May also be a white stop line before the tracks.
226
What are crossbuck signs. What look like.
They mark the grade crossing and require you to yield to the train. Look shape of x. Says railroad on one arm. Crossing on other. States n7mber of tracks on bottom when 5he road crosses more than 1 track. Eg “3 Tracks. “
Many crossbuck signs have flashing red lights and bells.
227
If no white stop line at railroad crossing, where should you stop.
No closer than 15 ft no farther than 50 ft from nearest rail of nearest track.
228
At active railroad crossing when should you stop?
When the lights begin to flash and before the gate lowers across the road lane.
229
Trains are required to sound their horn when approaching a crossing. T or f
False. Don’t expec5 to hear a horn.
230
Who is required to stop at all railroad crossings?
All passenger and hazmat carrying vehicles.
231
When making a full stop at a crossing , you ,should
Check for traffic behind you while stopping gradually, use a pullout lane if available, turn on 4 way flashers.
232
How to ,cross a track?
Be sure you can get all the way across before you start
233
How long take a tractor trailer to cross a railroad track?
14 second for single track 15 to clear a double track
234
What to do if you get stuck on tracks?
Get out of vehicle and away from tracks. Check signposts or signal housing for emergency notification info call 911 or other number and give location
235
When is the brak8ng effec5 of the engine greatest?
When it is near governed rpm’s and th3 transmission is in th3 lower gears.
236
When mountain driving, what does selecting a saf3 speed depend on?
Weigh5 of vehicle and cargo, length of grade, steepness of grade, road conditions, weather.
237
When going down grade what gear and when?
Low gear. Before you start down the grade.
For old trucks - rule is same gear used to climb the grade.
Newer trucks - lower gear than used to climb the grade
238
What is brake fading?
Fading means you have to apply them harder and harder to get the same stopping power.
239
What causes brake fading?
Excessive heat caused b6 using them too much and not relying on brakin* power of engine.
Also, brakes out of adjustment stop doing their share of work before thos3 in adjustment, causing those in adjustmen5 to overheat and fade.
240
T or F It takes awhile for brakes to get out of adjustment.
F brakes can ge5 ou5 of adjustment quickly especially when used a lot
241
T or F brake linings wear faster when they’re hot.
True
242
What is proper brake technique on long and/or steep download?
Apply brakes just hard enough to feel definite slowdown.
When speed is 5 mph below safe speed, release brakes.
When reach safe speed again, repeat.
243
Traffic emergencies occur when…
2 vehicles are about to collide
244
Vehicle emergencies occur…
When critical parts fail. Tires, brakes, etc
245
In an emergency stopping* is always th3 safes5 thing to do. T or f
False.
246
How to turn quickly and safely?
Don’t apply brake while turning - wheels could lock
Don’t turn more than needed - else greater chance of skid or rollover
Be prepared to counter steer after passing the obstacle.
247
If oncoming driver drifts in lane, it’s best to move..
To your right
248
If something is in your path, the best direction to turn into the right
False. Depends on situation.
However if you’re blocked on both sides, a move right may be best because at least you won’t force someone into oncoming traffic.
249
If you have to leave the road, you should brake asap t or f?
False. Avoid brakes 7nril speed has dropped to about 20mph then brake very gently
250
When leaving road, keep one set of wheels on the pavement if possible. T or f
True. Helps maintain control
251
If forced to return to road from shoulder before you can stop, you should edge gradually back onto the road t or f?
False. Turn sharply enough to get right back on the road safely. If you go gradually, your tires could grab unexpectedly and you lose control
252
If forced to return to road from shoulder before you can stop, how should you do it?
Turn sharply enough to get right back on road safely, when both tires are on the paved surface, counter steer immediately. It shoul bea single steer-counter-steer move
253
what are 2 methods of safely braking?
Controlled braking and stab braking
254
Describe controlled braking
apply brakes as hard as you can without locking the wheels and keep steering movements very small. If wheels lock or need larger steering movement, release brakes. Reapply brakes asap.
255
Describe stab braking
Apply brakes all the way and release when wheels lock up. As soon as they start rolling again, apply the brakes fully again. If you reapply before wheels start rolling again, the vehicle won't straighten out.
256
When stab braking, why must let wheels roll again before reapplying brakes?
If you reapply before wheels start rolling again, the vehicle won't straighten out.
257
Emergency braking means pushing down on the brake pedal as hard as you can. t or F
False. That would only lock up the wheels and cause a skid.
258
Brakes kept in good condition rarely fail. t or f
True
259
what are 2 main causes of hydraulic brake failure
brake fading on long hills
loss of hydraulic pressure
260
what does it mean when brakes feel spongy or go to the floor?
not enough hydraulic pressure
261
What can you do if brakes are spongy or go to floor?
Downshift to help slow the vehicle.
Pump the brake pedal to try to generate enough hydraulic pressure to stop the vehicle.
Use the parking or emergency brake (it's separate from hydraulic brake system) but be sure to pull the release lever at same time you use the brake so that you can adjust the brake pressure and keeep wheels from locking up.
Look for an escape route as you are slowing the vehicle. turning uphill is a good way to slow and stop the vehicle.
262
If you turn uphill to slow or stop your vehicle (after brake failure), what should you be sure to do.
Make sure it doesn't start rolling backward after you stop. Put it in low gear, apply the parking brake, and if necessary, roll backi into some obstacle that will stop the vehicle.
263
Going slow enough and braking properly will almost always prevent brake failure on long downgrades. T or F
True
264
If brakes fail on a long downgrade, what is your best hope?
An escape ramp.
265
Where are escape ramps usually located?
A few miles from the top of the downgrade.
266
How do escape ramps stop the vehicle?
Usually soft gravel resists motion of vehicle, or the ramp turns uphill into soft gravel.
267
How will you know where an escape ramp is?
There are signs
268
What to do if brakes fail and there is no escape ramp?
Take least hazardous escape route you can - such as open field or side road that flattens and turns up hill. MAKE THE MOVE AS SOON AS YOU KNOW THAT THE BRAKES DON'T WORK, BEFORE YOU PICK UP ANY MORE SPEED.
269
What are the major signs of tire failure?
Sound - loud "bang" of a blowout
Vibration - vehicle vibrates or thumps
Feel - steering feels heavy
270
What is fishtailing? What causes it?
When vehicle slides back and forth. Causes by REAR tire failure.
271
What feature usually prevents fishtailing?
Dual rear tires.
272
What does "heavy" steering usually indicate.
Failure of a FRONT tire.
273
What should you do if a tire fails?
Hold steering wheel firmly.
Stay off the brake until vehicle has slowed down, unless you're about to run into something.
When vehicle has slowed down, brake very gently, pull off the road, and stop.
Get out and check the tires.
274
What is ABS
computerized system that keeps your wheels from locking up during hard brake applications
275
T or F, ABS shortens your braking distance
False. Not necessarily.
276
t or F, ABS icreases your normal braking capability
False.
No effect. Only activates when wheels are about to lock up.
277
How does ABS work?
Sensors detect potential wheel lock up. An electronic control unit (ECU) will then decrease brake pressure to avoid lockup. It adjusts to provide maximum braking without lockup. It can do so faster than a human would be able to respond.
278
What vehicles are required to have ABS?
Truck tractors with air brakes built after March 1, 1997
Other air brake vehicles built after March 1, 1998
Hydraulically braked truck and buses with GVWR >= 10000 built after March 1, 1999.
279
how to know if vehicle has ABS
tractors, truck , buses - ABS lamp on instrument panel
Trailer - ABS lamp on left side, either front or rear corner
Dollies have lamp on left side
280
When should ABS light on instrument panel be on?
At start-up, it should come on for a bulb check and then go out quickly. On older systems it could stay on untill you travel over 5 mph.
If it stays on or comes on during travel, you may have lost ABS control
281
In towed units manufactured before ABS was required, how can you tell if teh unit has ABS?
Look under the vehicle for the ECU and wheel speed sensor wires coming from the back of the brakes.
282
With ABS, you should be able to steer around an obstacle while braking t or f
True
283
What happens if you front (steering wheels) lock up?
Lose steering control.
284
What could happen if your rear wheels lock up?
skid, jackknife, spin
285
ABS will not provide more braking control If only the trailer but not the tractor has ABS.
False brake normally
286
ABS will not decrease Chance of jackknifing if only the tractor has it but not the trailer. T or F
False
287
If trailer begins to swing out while braking, what should you do?
Let up on the brakes until you gain control.
288
How you brake depends on whether or not you have ABS on the bus, tractor, trailer, or both. T or F
False Brake as you always have, only using braking force necessary
289
In an emergency stop, ABS allows you to fully apply the brakes T or F
On a straight truck or Conbination with working ABS on all Axles, this is True
290
When ABS malfunctions, you need to adjust your braking method. T or F
False. you still have normal brake functions. Drive and brake as you always have.
291
ABS allows you to drive faster T or F
False
292
How does ABS prevent a turning skid?
It doesn't. So don't go to fast into a turn. Nor does it prevent a power skid - a skid caused by spinning the drive wheels (over accelleraton).
293
Does ABS increase or decrease ultimate stopping power?
No. Neither.
294
When does a skid occur?
when tires lose their grip on the road
295
What are causes of skids?
Over braking ( including using speed retarder when road is slippery),
Over-steering (turning wheels too sharply),
Over-aceleration - causing drive wheels to spin,
driving too fast
296
When do rear wheel acceleraton skids occur? How can you stop them?
usually on ice or snow. take foot off accelerator. It it's very slippery, puch the clutch in so wheels can roll freely and gain traction.
297
What type of skid would cause bus or straight truck to slide sideways in a "spin out"?
rear (drive) wheel braking skid
298
How to correct a drive wheel braking skid?
stop braking - allows the rear wheels to roll and stop sliding,
turn steering wheel quickly,
push in the clutch,
countersteer
299
what causes most front wheel skids
driving too fast,
lack of tread,
not enough weight on front axle
300
what happens in front wheel skid. how to correct it?
front end tends to go in straight line regardless of how you turn the wheel
Only way to stop the skid is to let the vehicle slow down.
301
What is procedure when in an accident?
Protect the area - move your vehicle to side of road. park away from the accident to make room for emergency vehicles. Put on 4 way flashers. Set out reflective triangles to warn other drivers.
Notify authorities. - if have cell phone or CB, call for assistance BEFORE you get out of your vehicle. Otherwise, wait until after the accident scene has been properly protected.
Care for the injured - stay out of the way if a qualified person is helping the injured.
Don't move a severely injured person unless the danger of fire or passing traffic makes it necessary.
Stop heavy bleeding by applying direct pressure to the wound.
Keep the injured person warm
302
t or f Underinflated tires can cause a fire.
T
303
t or f Dual tires that touch can cause a fire.
T
304
to prevent fires, what should be done during vehicle trip stops
check tires, wheels, and body for signs of heat.
305
If your vehicle is on fire, where should you not pull over
into a service station
Pull off the road into an open area.
306
How to put out engine fire
Turn off engine as soon as can. DON"T OPEN HOOD if you can avoid it. Shoot foam through louvers, radiator, or from the vehicle's underside.
307
How to put out cargo fire in van or trailer?
DON"T OPEN DOORS - it will provide oxygen.
308
How to use a fire extinguisher?
stay as far away from fire as possible,
aim at the source or base of the fire, not up in the flames
309
How to use a fire extinguisher?
stay as far away from fire as possible,
aim at the source or base of the fire, not up in the flames
position yourself upwind
310
What are B:C type extinguishers designed for?
electrical fires and burning liquids
311
What are A:B:C type extinguishers designed for
electrical fires, burning liquids, and burning wood, paper and cloth
312
What type of fire can water be used for
wood, paper cloth NOT ELECTRICAL - cause shock, NOT GASOLINE -spreads flames
313
Burning tires must be cooled T or F
True
314
If your'e not sure what type of extinguisher to use, what should you do?
Wait for fire fighters.
315
How does alcohol work?
It goes directly to the bloodstream and is carried to the brain. Then, most goes to the liver.
316
How fast can liver process alcohol?
Only 1/3 an ounce per hour. About 1 drink per hour.
317
What determines BAC?
Amount you drink, how fast you drink, your weight.
318
First part of brain affected by alcohol affects...
judgement and self-control
319
What is BAC?
Blood alcohol concentration. Amount of alcohol in your blood measured in mg alcohol per 100 mL blood.
320
Use of a drug given to a driver by a doctor is permitted when?
When doctor tells driver that it won't affect safe driving ability.
321
If so ill that you can't drive safely, in an emergency, you may drive to teh nearest place where you can safely stop. T or F
true
322
What are hazardous materials?
Products that pose a risk to health, safety, and property during transportation.
323
What is the intent of hazmat rules?
To contain the product - to protect drivers and others from contact,
To communicate the risk - uses shipping paper and diamond shaped hazard labels to warn workers of the risk
Ensure safe drivers and equipment
324
What are containment rules?
rules that tell drivers how to load, transport, and unload bulk tanks or hazardous materials
325
shipping paper related to hazardous materials must be...
shipping papers must be kept...
identified or kept on top of other shipping papers.
kept in a pouch on driver's door or in clear view within reach while driving, or on the driver's seat when out of the vehicle.
326
What is a hazmat placard?;
How many placards are required and where do they go?
Signs put on the outside of a vehicle that identify the hazard class of the cargo.
4 identical placards - front, rear, and both sides Placards must be readable from all four directions.
327
T or F. All vehicles carrying hazardous materials require placards. T or F
False
328
T or F. Without a hazmat endorsement you can not drive any vehicle vehicle carrying hazardous materials.
False. You can drive a vehicle carrying hazardous materials AS LONG AS IT DOESN'T REQUIRE PLACARDS
329
How big must placards be?
at least 10 3/4 inch square, turned to make a diamond shape.
330
on cargo tanks and other bulk packaging , where is the identification number of their contents displayed
on placards or orange panels
331
What is an identification number?
4 digit code used by first responders to identify hazardous materials.
332
When is a tank endorsement required?
For any commercial vehicle designed to transport any liquid or gaseous material in a tank or tanks having an individual rated capacity of more than 119 gallons and an aggregate capacity of 1,000 gallons or more that is either permanently or temporarily attached to the vehicle or chassis.
