Section 2: Evaluating Contamination and Remedial Endpoints

Question 1

CSM

Answer 1

Conceptual Site Model

Question 2

Purpose of a CSM (3 main)

Answer 2

1. Visual representation - What media is affected, Receptors, contamination points
2. understand potential pathways and routes of exposure
3. serves as a guide to the design of sampling programs

Question 3

Process of Vadose atmosphere to vadose soil

a) solubilization
b) sorption
c) volatization

Answer 3

b) sorption

Question 4

AEP’s 4 points of interests regarding CSMs

Answer 4

1. Contamination sources and types
2. DNAPL or LNAPL
3. Groundwater pathway
4. Soil Vapour Intrusion Pathway

Question 5

considerations of CSM 8.

Answer 5

1. Media
2. soil/geological conditions
3. hydrogeology
4. contaminate conditions
5. Contaminate locations
6. receptor locations
7. Receptors of concern
8. Expose pathways

Question 6

NAPL

Answer 6

Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid

Question 7

Most NAPLs are ________ in water

Answer 7

immisable- exist as a separate phase when spilled in the soil

Question 8

DNAPL

Answer 8

Dense Non-aqueous phase liquid

Cruse oil

Question 9

LNAPL

Answer 9

Light non-aqueous phase liquid

gasoline

Question 10

What is a source of long term dissolved contamination plumes

Answer 10

NAPLS

Question 11

________ from soil phase to aqueous or vapor phase

Answer 11

partitioning

Question 12

Below water table contaminates move via _____

Answer 12

advection

Question 13

LNAPLs and DNAPLs move via what two forces

Answer 13

gravitational and capillary forces

Question 14

How do NAPLs exist as solids

Answer 14

adsorb or partition on soil particles- coats

Question 15

How do NAPLs exist as liquids

Answer 15

based on their solubility, they may be able to dissolve

Question 16

How do NAPLs exist as air

Answer 16

Volitize and trapped in pore space

Question 17

_______ is the cause for the three components of soil (solid, liquid, air) to become also contaminated

Answer 17

Partitioning

Question 18

Partitioning increases NAPL mobility (t/F)

Answer 18

False. It actually causes contaminates to slow or immobilize

Question 19

For NAPL to continue downward it must ____ water

Answer 19

Displace

Question 20

What two factors limit the verticle movement of LNAPLs

Answer 20

Light specific gravity, Buoyancy force and water content of the soil. Moves more laterally

Question 21

Which way do LNAPLs move?

Answer 21

Laterally and with the groundwater table

Question 22

Denser than water, DNAPLS go past the groundwater to the bedrock (T/F)

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What will DNAPLs do in fine grained soils?

Answer 23

migrate along the top of fine soils and form pools

Question 24

Residual saturation

Answer 24

When DNAPL no longer holds together as a continuous phase but rather is present as isolated residual globules

Question 25

Residual saturation can lead to the immobilization of a DNALP in what zone

Answer 25

Vados

Question 26

Leaching or water table fluctuations causing residual saturation of DNALPs to go from solid into the water table is called....

Answer 26

solubilization

Question 27

Vapour phase is a function of 3 factors

Answer 27

1. volatization properties of NAPL 2. how much coats the soil 3. pore spaces and temperature

Question 28

Primary mechanism for vapour transport

Answer 28

gaseous diffusion- wants to reach equilibrium (high to low concentrations)

Question 29

remediation target values are called

Answer 29

remedial endpoints

Question 30

three main remedial endpoints/goals

Answer 30

1. what technology is feasible 2. Time and cost required 3. determine when remediation is complete

Question 31

where you want to get with clean up is based on tier guidelines and based on:

Answer 31

Land use, soil type, g/w depth, surface water, pathways

Question 32

Movement of vapours is represented by

Answer 32

partition coefficient