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net+ > Section 2: Network Fundamentals > Flashcards

Section 2: Network Fundamentals Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

Clients

A

e.g. workstations, smartphones, any device that connects to the network

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2
Q

Servers

A

Provide a resource to the network; e.g. file servers, web server, email servers

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3
Q

Hubs

A

Older network devices that connect devices like clients and servers over a LAN

Limitations such as network errors due to broadcasting nature

Hubs evolved into Bridges to SWITCHES

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4
Q

Switches

A

“Smarter Hubs” with more security and bandwidth utilization.

Only purpose is to forward traffic from one port to a destination port

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5
Q

Wireless Access Points (WAPs/APs)

A

Allow wireless devices to connect to a wired network

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6
Q

Routers

A

Used to connect different networks together

Modern routers rely on Internet Protocols

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7
Q

Firewalls

A

Security barriers between internal networks and the internet.

Monitor and control incoming and outgoing traffic based on access control lists

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8
Q

Load balancers

A

devices that distribute network or application traffic across multiple servers.

Prevents bottlenecking

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9
Q

Proxy

A

In between a user’s device and the internet.

e.g. web filtering, data caching, privacy and security, shared network connections

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10
Q

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS)

A

Detect unauthorized access or anomalies to alert

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11
Q

Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS)

A

Detects AND takes action to prevent intrusion

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12
Q

Controllers

A

Used in Software-Defined Networking (SDN)
Allows the ability to control routers and switches through software

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13
Q

Network-attached Storage (NAS)

A

A dedicated file storage system that provides data access from a centralized location

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14
Q

Storage Area Network (SAN)

A

High-speed network designed to handle lots of data; used to enhance storage devices

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15
Q

Media

A

Physical materials used to transmit data

e.g. wireless, copper, fiber

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16
Q

Wide Area Network (WAN) link

A

Used to connect networks over large geographical areas

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17
Q

Client/Server Model

A

Uses one dedicated server to provide access to network resources (e.g. files, scanners, printers)

Centralized, easier, scalable management

but costs more, needs a dedicated OS, requires special skills

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18
Q

Peer-to-peer model

A

Peers, such as laptops and desktops share resources together directly

lower cost, no special OS or resources needed

but difficult to backup, requires the sharer to be online, cannot be scaled, decentralized management

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19
Q

Personal Area Network (PAN)

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A

smallest type of wired/wireless network, usually covers 10 feet or less
e.g. bluetooth/USB

20
Q

Local Area Network (LAN)

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A

Connects devices generally up to 100m using copper/fiber

area of a house/building

21
Q

Ethernet standard?

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A

IEEE 802.3 standard

22
Q

Wifi standard?

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A

IEEE 802.11 standard

23
Q

Campus Area Network (CAN)

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A

Spread across many buildings; can cover several miles, may contain multiple LANs

24
Q

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

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A

Connects to locations around your city (~25 miles)
may connect multiple CANs together

25
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Large geographic area e.g. Lease Lines, VPNs, the internet, private internets such as US military offices
26
Network Topology
the arrangement of different elements; links, nodes, clients, servers that make up a network
27
Physical Topology
how network devices are physically connected
28
Logical Topology
how traffic is actually going to flow in the network
29
Point-to-point topology
direct connection between two devices, can be used for a WAN connection not scalable
30
Ring topology
each device is connected to two other devices; data is transferred clock/counterclockwise if one node fails, network can go down
31
Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)
used to transmit data on fiber lines in a LAN up to 125 miles relies on a backup ring, has high bandwidth, good for large data transfers and has high reliability
32
Bus topology
network devices connected to a single central cable, called a bus/backbone easy to install, but the main cable can be stressed
33
Star Topology
each node/client is connected to a central connection point (usually a switch)
34
Hub and spoke Topology
The hub/switch in the star topology is connected to other nodes/clients/hubs e.g. multi connection flights
35
Mesh topology
point to point connection for every device robust and redundant
36
full mesh
every node is connected to every other node complex and hard to install
37
partial mesh
some nodes are organized in a full mesh scheme, while others are connected to one or two others e.g. only some nodes are interconnected to everything
38
Infrastructure Mode
a type of wireless network; uses a wireless access point as a centralized point
39
Ad Hoc Mode
Decentralized wireless network with peer-to-peer connections; does not need a router or access point
40
Wireless mesh topology
an interconnections of different types of nodes, devices, radios uses different radio frequencies, such as bluetooth, wifi, cellular, satellite, microwave? used during disasters to have reliable, long/short distance communication
41
three-tier-hierarchy
a three layer type of datacenter; contains the core, distribution/aggregation and access/edge good for performance, management, scalability, redundancy
42
three-tier-hierarchy (core)
core contains biggest and fastest routers to merge many networks into one unit (at least two routers)
43
three-tier-hierarchy (distribution/aggregation)
distribution/aggregation layer implements access lists and filters using layer 3 switches to make sure packets are properly routed
44
three-tier-hierarchy (Access/edge)
Access/Edge layer used to connect all endpoint devices using regular switches
45
collapsed core
network architecture where the core and distribution layers are merged used for smaller/medium sized datacenters, lower cost, reduces latency (number of hops)
46
Spine and leaf architecture
only focuses on communication within the datacenter; The spine connects switches in a full mesh topology The leaf has two switches on each server rack that connect to the spine can be connected to the three tiered hierarchy
47
traffic flows
north-south; northbound: exiting southbound: entering the data center east-west; traffic moving within the datacenter

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