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BBC Year 1 > Section 2 - Perception & Action > Flashcards

Section 2 - Perception & Action Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

What’s Bilateral Parietal damage?

A

The inability to interpret the totality of a scene & inability to control eye movement

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2
Q

What’s the ganglion cell?

A

The output of the retina

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3
Q

Land Retinex Theory

A

Colour of an object is determined by light of wavelengths reflected

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4
Q

What colour is a short light wavelength?

A

Blue

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5
Q

What colour is a medium light wavelength?

A

Green

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6
Q

What colour is a long light wavelength?

A

Red

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7
Q

How many different types of neurones does the retina have?

A

5

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8
Q

What are the 5 different types of neurones in a retina?

A

Receptors, horizontal cells, bipolar cells, amacrine cells & retinal ganglion cells

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9
Q

Which area is needed to be activated for colour perception?

A

V4

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10
Q

Which area is needed to be activated for motor perception?

A

V5

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11
Q

What’s akinetopsia?

A

Lack of motor control due to damage to the V5 Brodman area

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12
Q

What’s Charles Bonnet Syndrome?

A

intense visual hallucinations with poor/normal vision

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13
Q

Fovea

A

indentation at the centre of retina that’s specialised for high accuracy vision using only cones

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14
Q

Accommodation

A

adjusting the lease to focus image on the retina

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15
Q

Converge

A

turn inwards

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16
Q

Binocular disparity

A

difference in position of same image on 2 different retinas

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17
Q

Blind spot

A

gap in the receptor layer

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18
Q

What are the 2 photoreceptors?

A

Rods and Cones

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19
Q

What do Rods and Cones do?

A

Transduce light into electrochemical signals.

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20
Q

Are rods for low or normal light levels?

A

Low

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21
Q

What pigment do rods use?

A

Modopsin pigment

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22
Q

Are cones for low or normal light levels?

A

normal

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23
Q

Which pigment do cones use?

A

Photopsin pigment

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24
Q

What’s hemianopia?

A

Complete loss of vision in part of the visual field due to damage in the early visual pathways

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25
What's semi-spatial neglect?
Ignoring one side of space even when visualising a scene from memory
26
What's apperceptive agnosia?
Where patients can draw an object from memory but cannot identify simple shapes
27
Who was the retina theory proposed by? And what does it explain?
Land to explain the colour constancy effect
28
What does Contralateral neglect mean?
opposite side to damage
29
What are the 3 principles of sensorimotor function?
Sensorimotor system hierarchy organised, motor output guided by sensory input & learning that changes the nature + locus of sensorimotor control
30
What's Apraxia?
Inability to properly execute a learned skill of movement after brain damage
31
How many neurones does the Cerebellum have?
50million
32
What are the inputs for the cerebellum?
PMC, SMC & descending motor signals
33
What do muscle spindles do?
Embedded in muscle tissue to detect changed in muscle length to keep tension on the middle
34
What are the basic components of Polysynaptic reflexes?
Receptor, afferent neurone, integrating centre, efferent neurone & effector
35
What are the smallest unit of motor activity?
Muscles
36
What's a singular motor neurone called?
Motor unit
37
What's a bend/flex in a joint called?
Flexor
38
What straighten/extend muscles?
Extensors
39
What are muscles that act for some movement called?
Synergistic
40
What are muscles that work in opposition called?
Antagonistic
41
Which muscles are in the ventromedial?
Proximal
42
Which muscles are in the dorsolateral?
Distal
43
Which movements are ventrolateral?
Posture and whole body movements
44
Which movements are dorsolateral?
Limb movements
45
What are the 3 different somatosensory modalities in the Extraroceptive System?
Discriminative touch, thermal perception & nociceptive pain
46
Nociception
Pain
47
Proprioception
Knowing where you are in space
48
Visceral pain
Internal, diffuse & poorly located, deep & dull, automatic chemical response
49
Referred pain
Convergence of affronts to same dorsal horn neurones
50
Neuropathic pain
Damage to nerves in CNS/PNS, trauma, burning, hypoalergesia
51
What's the somatosensory styes made up of? What does it do?
Receptors and processing centres to produce sensation e.g. touch
52
Where does the conscious processing of tactile sensation occur?
Primary Somatosensory System
53
Where's the Primary Somatosensory System located?
Within the parietal lobe of the cortex of the post central gyrus.
54
How is the Primary Somatosensory System organised?
Soma-topically
55
What do the Cutaneous Somatosensory receptors do?
Traduce mechanical & thermal energies into electrical signals and trigger action potential trains that reflect into about about the stimulus
56
What are 2 inhibitions of pain?
Gate control theory or pain & depending inhibition
57
What's the S1? And which Brodman areas?
Anterior parietal cortex with the brodman areas 3a, 3b, 1 & 2
58
What's the Brodman area 3?
Receiver somatosensory input directly from thalamus
59
What's the Brodman area 1?
Sensory texture & shape of object
60
What's the Brodman area 2?
Size, shape and proprioception
61
Is somatoscensation active or passive?
Passive
62
Is haptics active or passive?
Active
63
What's Sensory Integration?
sensory ambiguity reduced via sensory integration with multiple sensory inputs regarding the same parameter in sensory decision making
64
What did Ernst & Blilthoff (2002) do/state?
stated that adding different information makes different precepts more likely. Combining information from different senses can make perception more reliable.
65
What's Crossmodel object recognition?
When representations of objects are shared between vision & touch

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