Section 2 pt 4

Question 1

CRISPR stands for

Answer 1

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats

Question 2

CRISPR

Answer 2

short repeats of DNA sequences with non-repeating sequences in between

Question 3

CRISPRs always associated with a specific set of genes “___” CRSIPR associated

Answer 3

cas

Question 4

____________ ___________ is an important bacterium used in the production of yogurt and cheese

Answer 4

Streptococcus thermophilus

Question 5

took it and exposed it to phages and isolated cells that survived the infection, found out:

Answer 5

1- these cells are now more resistant to infection by one or both phages (immunity)
2-the resistant strains had additional new spacers in their CRSIPR region at the left end of the array and they matched sequences from phage genomes

Question 6

New spacers in resistant LAB cells matched sequences from phage genomes, but partial match = partial (less) ____

Answer 6

resistance

Question 7

phages can bypass CRSIPR resistance by:

Answer 7

1. phages can become mutated (in regions that correspond to spacer making them unrecognizable)
2. phages can produced proteins that inhibit CRISPR-Cas systems

Question 8

some cas proteins:
some cas proteins:

Answer 8

-acquiring the new spacers
-carry out subsequent gene silencing task

Question 9

steps of CRISPR cas model of function

Answer 9

1. the repeat spacer region in transcribed into RNA
2. repeats fold into hairpins due to palindrome sequences
3. cas proteins process these repeats and cut them into small spacer containing RNAs (sRNA)
4. take the sRNA to target the matching phage or plasmid DNA

Question 10

last slide????? ASK