Section 3

Question 1

3 subatomic particles that make up atoms

Answer 1

Protons, Neutrons, Electrons

Question 2

charge of a proton

Answer 2

positive

Question 3

what does the # of protons determine in the nucleus?

Answer 3

the # of protons in the nucleus determines the atomic number. (therefor determines element)

Question 4

What is the charge of an electron?

Answer 4

Electrons are negatively charged.

Question 5

Where are the electrons located relative to the nucleus?

Answer 5

Electrons are located outside the nucleus.

Question 6

What do electrons determine for an atom?

Answer 6

Electrons determine the charge and the reactivity of an atom.

Question 7

What is the charge of a neutron?

Answer 7

Neutrons have no charge.

Question 8

Where are neutrons found in relative to the nucleus?

Answer 8

Neutrons are found in the nucleus of the atom.

Question 9

How do you determine the number of neutrons in an atom?

Answer 9

The combined sum of the electrons and protons = number of neutrons. This is the mass #.

Question 10

What are the atomic particles and what is their function in the atom?

Answer 10

Proton-Determines element
Neutron- Determines isotope of the element
Electron-Determines charge on element and is responsible for chemistry of the element.

Question 11

What is negatively charged matter attracted to?

Answer 11

Positively charged matter is attracted to negatively charged matter, and vise versa.

Question 12

What will matter with the same charge do- be attracted or repel?

Answer 12

Matter with the same charge will repel each other.

Question 13

What does it mean that charges must be balanced?

Answer 13

The number of positive charge must equal the number of negative charge.

Question 14

What is it called when atoms or molecules have a charge?

Answer 14

Atoms or molecules that have a charge are called ions.

Question 15

How is the charge on an atom determined?

Answer 15

A charge on an atom or molecule is due to the gaining or losing of electrons from one atom to another atom.

Question 16

What is a positively charged atom called?

Answer 16

A pos. charged atom is called a cation.

Question 17

What is a negatively charged atom called?

Answer 17

A negatively charged atom is called an anion.

Question 18

What is the atomic number of an atom?

Answer 18

The atomic # of an atom is the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom, it is always a whole #.

Question 19

What is the mass # of an element?

Answer 19

The mass # is the # of protons plus the # of neutrons in the nucleus.

Question 20

How is the atomic mass determined?

Answer 20

The atomic mass is determined by measuring the % of each isotope found naturally in nature. Sum of the % of isotope x atomic mass of isotope = atomic mass on periodic table.

Question 21

How is electromagnetic radiation formed?

Answer 21

By moving charged particles in a repetitive systematic fashion such as up and down a wire.

Question 22

How is the speed of light described?

Answer 22

The speed of light is the speed all electromagnetic waves travel at in a vacuum.

Question 23

How much of the electromagnetic spectrum is made up of visible light?

Answer 23

Visible light makes up a very small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Question 24

What are radio waves used for?

Answer 24

Radio waves are used for communication.

Question 25

What are microwaves used for?

Answer 25

Microwaves are used for radars and microwave ovens,

Question 26

What are infrared waves used for?

Answer 26

Infrared waves are used to measure temperature and night vision scopes.

Question 27

What are visible waves used for?

Answer 27

Visible waves are used to produce color our eyes can detect.

Question 28

What are ultraviolet waves used for?

Answer 28

Ultraviolet waves cause chemical reactions, as well as skin cancer.

Question 29

What are x-rays used for?

Answer 29

X-rays are used in radiology, they cause cancer and genetic mutations.

Question 30

What are gamma waves used for?

Answer 30

Gamma waves create nuclear reactions, and kill cells.

Question 31

How can electrons act in space?

Answer 31

Electrons in space have a wavelike position, which means the position of the electron cannot be determined accurately.

Question 32

What did Erwin Schroedenger calculate?

Answer 32

Schroedenger was able to use quantum mechanics to calculate the energy levels and orbital shapes for the different electron orbitals found in the different elements.

Question 33

How many quantum numbers do you need to describe each electrons different orbital, and what are their names?

Answer 33

You need 4 quantum #s, named Shells, Subshells, Orbital, and Spin.

Question 34

What are the characteristics of a shell?

Answer 34

• There are 7 shells (N=1 thru 7)
• Shell 1 has lowest energy level, then shell 2, etc
• Each shell contains one or more subshells.

Question 35

What are the characteristics of a subshell?

Answer 35

• 4 dif. subshells, s,p,d,f
• each subshell represents a dif shape
• order of energy: s has lowest, f has highest.
• each electron in a subshell has same amount of energy.
• each subshell contains one or more orbitals

Question 36

What are the characteristics of an orbital?

Answer 36

• There are 2 electrons per orbital
• max # of electrons per subshell is…
  s: 2
  p: 6
  d: 10
  f: 14

Question 37

What are the characteristics of a spin?

Answer 37

There’ 2 spins: Spin up, Spin down.

Question 38

What is the electron configuration of an element?

Answer 38

The electron configuration of an element indicates what electron energy level each electron in the atom belongs to.

Question 39

What are the special names of some of the groups on the periodic table?

Answer 39

Alkali metals, Alkaline earth metals, Halogens, Noble gases

Question 40

What are the outermost electrons in the s and p orbital?

Answer 40

Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost s and p orbital for atoms in group A.

Question 41

What is the relation between column # and # of valence electrons?

Answer 41

They’re the same; Column # = # of valence electrons.