section 3 (Islam depth study) Flashcards
Sexual Ethics
- Adultery/Fornication
- Major sin in islam
- “Combines all evils”
- Teaches adherents to guard their chastity and modesty
- “Guard your chastity except those who your right hand possess”
- Zina acts as a gateway to various other sins
- Avoiding zina acts as a shield for the muslim
- 100 lashes (fornication)/stoning to death (adultery)
- “Do not approach zina”
- prevention
>Lower the gaze
>If able, marry
>Fast
>“Fasting restrains the soul”
>Wear modest and non revealing clothes - perspectives
> orthadox islam does not allow it as seen in saudi arabia where it is still punished by death
> liberal muslims are more lenient as seen though turkey as they only enforce a fine or prison sentense rather than a death penalty or lashes
Sexual Ethics
- Homosexuality
- Goes against humans natural fitra (natural dispossession)
- Homosexuality in the time of prophet Lut (as)
- “Do you lust after men as opposed to women? Surely you are of the transgressors”
- “Guard your chastity except those who your right hand possess”
- prevention
>Covering one’s awrah (even between same gender)
>At the age of 12 sleep separately
>marry
>Fast to restrain yourself
>“Fasting restrains the soal” –> jihad al nafs - persepectives
> orthadox muslims provibit this act as it goes against ones natura fitra
> liberal muslims are more accepting of this as the story of Lut is determined by them to be acts of rape rather than pure homosexuality
Sexual Ethics
- Masturbation
- Haram in Islam
- Is not the lesser of two evils
- Determined from Qiyas
- Teaches adherents to guard their chastity and modesty
- “Guard your chastity except those who your right hand possess”
- Masturbation acts as a gateway to other sins such as adultery/fornication
- prevention
>Lower the gaze
>Marry
>Fast –> “Fasting restrains the soal” - perspectives
> hanafi and shafii sunni muslims do not accept mastubation under all typical circumstances
> hanbali muslims do not accpet this act but allow this under certain circumstances such as if one is in extreme poverty as to not afford to get married or if someone is unnable to satisfy ones desires with thier spouce in marriage
Hajj
- Connection to the Prophets
Hady
- Started out with prophet Ibrahim (as) slaughtering a sheep by the command of Allah(swt) instead of his son
- he must slaughter a Hady such as he can afford
Saee
- Meaning ‘to walk’ or ‘to pursue’
- story of prophet Ismael (as) and Hajar
“Indeed safa and marwa are among the symbols of Allah(SWT)” (Baqarah)
Hajj
- Connection to Allah (SWT)
Tawaf
- linked to the universe’s natural orbit –> “the sun and the moon, each in an orbit floating” (Surah Al-Ambiya)
- Act of achieving closeness to Allah (SWT)
Arafat
- yawm al wukuf
- “There is no day on which Allah frees more people from the Fire than the Day of Arafah”
- “Fasting on the Day of Arafah expiates the sins from the past and coming years.” (Muslim)
Hajj
- Connection to the Day Of Judgement
Arafat
- yawm al wukuf
- “There is no day on which Allah frees more people from the Fire than the Day of Arafah”
- “Fasting on the Day of Arafah expiates the sins from the past and coming years.” (Muslim)
Ihram
- Refers to a state of purity by which a pilgrim is required to have in order to perform hajj
- Consists of 2 pieces of unstitched cloth
- “O you who believe! Kill not the game while you are in a state of Ihram
- reflects the Day Of Judgement whereby everyone is the same –> when in Ihram, everyone looks the same
Khadijah
- Emotional support
Before revelation
- Presented food and water to the prophet in cave Hira and sometimes would send her men to check up on him and provide provisions
The prophet realises that he can see someone no one else cannot and even appears in his dreams
During revelation
- Convinced the prophet that the person only he can see is an angel rather than a devil
- The prophet upon returning from cave Hira, he asks Khadijah to cover him “Zamilooni”
After revelation
- Supported the prophet in the boycott
Died for islam as a result with no wealth left to her name (year of mourning)
- Narrated Ali: I heard the Prophet SAW saying, “Mary, the daughter of Imran, was the best among the women (of the world of her time) and Khadijah is the best amongst the women (of this nation).” (Sahih Al-Bukhari – Book 58 Hadith 164)
Khadijah
- Financial support
Before revelation
- Khadijah would provide funds to support the prophet while he is at the cave Hira by providing food and water herself or in some cases employing her men to send it to him
- is said to have regularly fed and clothed the poor and provided financial assistance to her relatives. (Nasr, Seyyed H. Muhammad: Man of God. Chicago: Kazi Publications, 1995, p. 18.)
During revelation
- Used to fund dinner gatherings for the people willing to learn about islam
- Khadijah gave the prophet control over her wealth
After revelation
- Sold her business at a massive loss in order to provide for her community in the boycott
- “She believed in me when no one else did”
- Muslims were unable to trade with other people
Khadijah
- Discipleship
Before revelation
- Stood on the path of monotheism even before the message of islam as she was a part of a christian family
- She had a good understanding of God which is reflected through her convincing the prophet that he was in fact seeing an angel rather than a devil
During revelation
- First person/woman to accept islam
- Kahdijah directly and immediately followed the prophet’s teachings such as prayer and wudu
- “Congratulations to you, I always hoped that you would be the messenger of this nation” (Bukhari)
After revelation
- Khadijah endured adversity during the Boycott and instead of leaving islam, she stood with the prophet and died with no money since she used it on the welfare of the muslims
- Kahijah’s had a high impact that her death year was known as the ‘year of sorrow’
