Section 3 - Liberal thinkers and their ideas

Question 1

Name 5 key thinkers of Liberalism

Answer 1

• John Stuart Mill
• John Rawls
• John Locke
• Mary Wollstonecraft
• Betty Freidan

Question 2

What was John Stuart Mill’s view on human nature?

Answer 2

Though rational, human nature is forever progressing

Question 3

What is John Rawls’ view on human nature?

Answer 3

Mankind is selfish yet empathetic valuing individual liberty and the people around them

Question 4

What is John Locke’s view on human nature?

Answer 4

Human beings are rational, guided by the pursuit of self-interest, mindful of other concerns

Question 5

What is Mary Wollstonecraft’s view on human nature?

Answer 5

Rationalism defines both genders intellectually, men and women are not different

Question 6

What is Betty Freidan’s view on human nature?

Answer 6

Has always evolved in a way that discouraged the self advancement of women

Question 7

Who states that the State ‘must be representative, based on the consent of the people’?

Answer 7

John Locke

Question 8

Who states that the State ‘should legislate to protect against discrimination’?

Answer 8

Betty Friedan

Question 9

Who states that The state should ‘enable less fortunate individuals to advance via public spending’?

Answer 9

John Rawls

Question 10

Who states the state ‘which is monarchical should be replaced by a republic that enshrines women’s rights’?

Answer 10

Mary Wollstonecraft

Question 11

What is John Stuart Mill’s view on society?

Answer 11

Best society equals individuality that coexists with tolerance and self improvement

Question 12

What is the tolerance/harm principle?

Answer 12

The idea that individuals should tolerate the ideas of others until it infringes with their freedom

Question 13

What is John Rawls’ view on society?

Answer 13

Individuals would choose a society that improved the poorest conditions

Question 14

What is John Locke’s view on society?

Answer 14

There are natural societies with natural ‘laws’ and ‘rights’ that predate the state

Question 15

What is Mary Wollstonecraft’s view on society?

Answer 15

Society ‘infantilised’ women, stifling women’s individualism

Question 16

What is Betty Friedan’s view on society?

Answer 16

It has remained chauvinistic against women, yet women are complicit in their repression

Question 17

Who states that the with the economy, ‘free-market capitalism enhances the position of the poorest?

Answer 17

John Rawls

Question 18

Who states that with the economy, a ‘free-market economy would be energised by the enterprise of liberated women’?

Answer 18

Mary Wollstonecraft

Question 19

Who states that ‘Laissez-faire Capitalism is vital to progress of individual enterprise and initiative’?

Answer 19

John Stuart Mill

Question 20

Who states that state policies on the economy should respect the ‘natural right’ to private ownership?

Answer 20

John Locke

Question 21

What was Mary Wollstonecraft’s view on reason?

Answer 21

Women are rational and independent beings capable of reason

Question 22

What was John Locke’s view on the government?

Answer 22

Limited government - the government should be limited and based on consent from below

Question 23

Why was Mary Wollstonecraft’s view on equality?

Answer 23

Formal equality - in order to be free, women should enjoy full civil liberties and be allowed to have a career

Question 24

What is John Stuart Mill’s harm principle?

Answer 24

Individuals should be free to do anything except harm others

Question 25

What is John Stuart Mill's view on Tolerance?

Answer 25

He believed that the popularity of a view does not necessarily make it correct.

Question 26

What is John Locke's Social Contract Theory?

Answer 26

Society, state and government are based on a theoretical voluntary agreement

Question 27

What is the Theory of Justice?

Answer 27

The opinion that society must be just and guarantee each citizen a life worth living

Question 28

Who came up with the Theory of Justice?

Answer 28

John Rawls

Question 29

What is the Veil of Ignorance, and who came up with it?

Answer 29

- A hypothetical scenario where individuals agree on the type of society they want from a position where they lack knowledge of their own position in society - John Rawls

Question 30

What does Betty Friedan say about Legal Equality?

Answer 30

Women are as capable as men and oppressive laws and social views must be overturned

Question 31

What does Betty Friedan say about Equal Opportunity?

Answer 31

Women are being held back from their potential because of the limited number of jobs that are 'acceptable' for women

Question 32

Who are the Classical Liberal thinkers?

Answer 32

- John Locke - John Stuart Mill - Mary Wollstonecraft

Question 33

Who are the Modern Liberal Thinkers?

Answer 33

- John Rawls - Betty Friedan - T.H. Green

Question 34

Who came up with the Enabling State?

Answer 34

John Rawls

Question 35

Who came up with the Harm Principle?

Answer 35

John Stuart Mill

Question 36

Who believes in the Minimal state?

Answer 36

John Locke