section 3 Neurons Flashcards
(30 cards)
Neurons
receive, process, transmit
job is to allow information passed through the entire body
dendrite structure
tree like branches the project from the cell body
dendrite function
eyes and ears if the cell
receives information
soma(cell body) structure
contains nutrients
soma function
process the information
calculator of the cell
contains the nucleus
axon structure
long fiber that comes out of the soma
axon function
transmits the information
myelin sheath structure
a fat that wraps itself around the axon
some cells have it
myelin sheath function
helps them send information faster
nodes of ranvier structure
naked section of the axon that pokes through the myelin sheath
nodes ranvier function
information jumps on the naked sections
synapse
gap between the connecting neurons
vesicle
a bag that contains chemicals
neurotransmitter
the chemical in the in vesicle
chemical messengers of the nervous system
neurotransmitter
carries messages from one neuron to another
about 100 types of neuron transmitters ex. dopamine
receptors
they receive the neurotransmitters
like a lock is to a key
resting potential (RP)
electrical charge of a neuron when it is at rest
where does the charge come from for RP
ions(charged atom)
three primary ions
potassium, sodium, chloride
more chlo. and sod. outside
more pot. outside
forces on RP
diffusion: makes ions go to a area of high to low concentration
electrostatic pressure: opposites charges attract, magnet like
Action potential AP
gun firing like
AP starts at the beginning of the axon and moves itself down
reuptake
the excess neurotransmitters that dont go to a receptor, reuses the neurons
yo-yo like
excitatory message
makes cells more likely to have AP
(gossip)
inhibitory messages
makes the cells less likely have AP
causes em to stop (secret)
