Section 3.1.3.1.3 POST WAR/INDUSTRIAL 1950-present

Question 1

4 characteristics of modern day amateurs

Answer 1

1. lower status than professionals (still some high level
2. some payed (finance for training expenses)
3. top level sport open to anyone
4. amateurs & professionals =play together certain sports

Question 2

3 positive impact of modern amateurs on sport

Answer 2

1. Olympic ideal (morals) - no money for winning, play by rules, love of sport (Olympic codes)
2. code of ethics e.g. fair play awards
3. maintain amateur status (until recently) - amateur virtues (respect referee)

Question 3

5 characteristics of modern day professionals

Answer 3

1. highly skilled
2. respect for talents & efforts = paid
3. certain sports = professionals
4. time to train = higher standard than amateurs
5. no discrimination against amateurs

Question 4

5 Positive impact of modern professionalism on sport

Answer 4

1. role models/celeb status
2. time to train = higher standard of performers
3. rewards for doing well (contracts/money)
4. commercialisation &media = exciting
5. spectatorship, facilities, participation increase

Question 5

commercialisation

Answer 5

process of attempting to gain money/profit from an activity e.g sport
-money from you and I

Question 6

need components to allow sport to become a private commodity and allow business to profit from:

Answer 6

3 components
media
elite sport
business

Question 7

media

Answer 7

• organised means of communication

- large numbers different people = reached quickly

Question 8

golden triangle

Answer 8

relationship between sport business & the media

-sport = money from business via sponsors
-sponsors = with sport = boost the image & boost sales
-business = media advertise = high exposure of elite sport = interest of sponsor
media rely on sport for viewers
money from media is circulated back into sport at all levels

AO2: BT sport have paid exclusive rights to show Champions league
sky sports = England netball
media influence kick off times are schedule of matches

Question 9

commodity

Answer 9

product that can be bought and sold

Question 10

sponsorship

Answer 10

when a company commits money or resources to an organisation in exchange for promotional benefits

publicly displayed or advertised
increase sales of their goods

Question 11

merchandising

Answer 11

the brand or image from one product is used to sell another

e.g. professional sports team/performers promote various products

Question 12

commercial sport is (6)

Answer 12

1. elite sport
2. heavy sponsorship
3. entertainment (mass-entertainment industry, short time)
4. contracts
5. athletes as commodities(endorse = athletes role model)
6. wide media coverage

Question 13

6 reasons companies have for investing huge amounts of money into sports (advs companies get from investing in sports)
why sponsor?

Answer 13

1-sales/promotion=cheap advertising 
2-profit/publicity (brand awareness)
3-company image 
4- hospitality benefits 
5-reduces cost through tax relief 
6-company morale

Question 14

6 golden triangles advantage for sport

Answer 14

1-income =on TV =all levels= improved manner of sport
2-events/comps = better facilities for spectators
3-promotion -media(BT sport shows FA women’s super league)
4-fame and role model
5-wages sponsors & media coverage = spectators (prize money = full time training)
6-technology = quality increase

Question 15

5 golden triangles disadvantage for sport

Answer 15

1-lose control
2-sponsors/media demoralising
3-devious behaviour = illegal substance
4-media = pressure = mistake = illegal substance
5-sports = minority not enough media/funding

Question 16

7 effects of commercialisation on sport

Answer 16

1. rules/scoring systems e.g Ice Hockey = speed up/exciting
2. competition formats e.g. T20 = exciting, revenue
3. increased technology e.g Hawkeye = immersive
4. advert breaks occur = control/traditions
5. money sponsor/media = resources/coach/equipment
6. women’s coverage up e.gWomen World Cup BBC = money
7. women less than men e.g. cricket = participation/role models = less grassroots

Question 17

5 effects of commercialisation on professional performers

Answer 17

1. time/higher incomes = full time - financial security
2. win = train = financial rewards = standard
3. fame/role models e.g Rashford = inspire
4. athletes = pressure - worse injury
5. privacy, -ve role models, lose control from sponsors, - public commodities

Question 18

social media

Answer 18

online apps and websites which allow users to interact by sharing content and taking part in social networking

Question 19

globalisation

Answer 19

the process where nations are increasingly linked together and people becoming more interdependent through improvements in communication and travel

Question 20

3 ways globalisation in sport is seen

Answer 20

1. sponsorship of ‘global’ events
2. recruitment of players from overseas
3. spread of sports to ‘new nations’

Question 21

4 Roles of the media

Answer 21

1-inform: report/analyse highlights etc
2-educates: about skills,sports,morals etc
3-entertains: attracts viewers,drama,intensity etc
4-advertises (not BBC): products sponsors, sports etc

Question 22

5 Positives and 5 negatives of media on sporting events

Answer 22

Positives:
1-money =better standards
2-more viewing - less reliant of gate receipts
3-encourage participation
4-change in formats/longer seasons/more competitions
5-tech assist decision making

Negatives
1-commercial sponsors interest = important than sport
2-TV runs sport (who what when) = lose tradition
3-more money goes to few sports/media sports
4-over reliance on TV rights/money
5-players play more when injured =shorter careers

Question 23

Impact of media and commercialisation of sport on spectators

Answer 23

Positives:
1-scheduled to suit
2-educate more = awareness
3-widely accessible/covered
4-enhanced viewing experience/interactive tech
5-rules changed = exciting
6-no negative aspects of sport e.g. hooliganism
7-higher performance & better quality stadiums

Negatives
1-breaks changes flow/nature = disruptive (nature of game)
2-spectator violence deviant behaviour = hooligans
3-expensive prices & merchandising
4-rescheduled = highest views

Question 24

6 Forms of media

Answer 24

1. Newspaper (broadsheet and tabloid) informative
2. Tv satellite/cable and terrestrial live/highlights visual
3. Radio info provider
4. Social media interactive
5. Internet changed from informative to interactive
6. Magazines specialised

Question 25

Impact of social media on sport

Answer 25

-change behaviour -younger=communication(sporting interest involve) -top performers = fan base, engage sponsors but are understand responsibility/ liability with global communication, Ferdinand banded 3 matches fined £25,000 for post “promiscuous girl” in 2014

Question 26

commercialism media and sponsorship

Answer 26

- media interest (profile sports) = TV money for rights to show e.g footie sky/BT sport(sport has positive image) - sponsor deals from TV exposure - merchandising media exposure Nike/Adidas rivals in sponsoring teams/individual aid merchandising - sponsors at global events (World Cup) = spread

Question 27

positive impacts of media on football

Answer 27

``` 1-media coverage 2-sponsors = wages, kit, equipment, 3-role models 4-technology (VAR) 5-comps and league and countries involved 6-money = develop grassroots 7-revenue of clubs increase ```

Question 28

commercial and media pressure impacting NGBs/sport (governing bodies)

Answer 28

-NGB= structure sport, organise future/existing direction over yrs NGB adapt commercial pressure maintain status: 1. change rule = excitement for spectator 2. lost control over breaks in play 3. control to media = sponsors to advertise, commercial deals with media

Question 29

commercialisation and its impacts (5)

Answer 29

1. advertise = global appeal = = player development 2. media interest: understand = accessible= interviews 3. public interest = tickets = revenue =standards improved = customer satisfaction = clubs =managing money from spectators = entertainment 4. sponsorship= quality, popular= promote brands = increase public interest 5. professionalism: standard of play = wages = full time = train =- performance = appealing to general public