Section 4 Flashcards
(38 cards)
chronic disease
- > illness that is not contagious, of long duration that progresses slowly and is typically a result of genetics, environment, or lifestyle
- CD pose a risk to reduce life expectancy
- incorporating PA into your lifestyle reduces risk factors
non-modifiable risk factors of chronic disease
age
sex
ethnicity
mortality rates of cancer and infectious disease
mortality from infectious diseases have decreased
cancer rates are increased but mortality rates of cancer have decreased
% of older adults in nursing homes
7%
- > biases in the media make it seem higher
when was the peak of #of years living in a nursing home
of years in a nursing home peaked un 1996 and has been trending downward ever since
- > people are living longer, not necessarily better
average years older Canadians spend in sickness, disability and/or immobility
they spend their last 10 yeards in sickness, disability and/or immobility
- > however, more than 60% indicate living healthier is preferable to living longer
% of Canadians that would say that their doctor would consider them healthy
80%
- > however, looking at the 5 key risk factors for chronic disease, only 3% of north Americans meet all requirements
5 key risk factors for chronic disease
- > inactivity
- > smoking (the highest risk factor)
- > poor diet
- > stress
- > excessive stress
how does the aging process affect body parameters
aging causes all parameters (aerobic capacity, muscle strength, glucose tolerance, ect) to DECREASE
- > fat mass will increase as you age
things you should consider during your pre-prescription assessment
- > more resistance training than aerobic training has been shown to be beneficial in older populations
- > vitals/consent/questionnaire
- > MEDICATIONS
*majority of medications will influence BP or HR
how many prescriptions are filled in NB every year
more than 12 million (not all are filled)
- > 65% of senior have 5 or more classes of medication drugs for multiple chronic conditions (one to help with side effects of another medication; and so on)
why do we prescribe so many older people BP medications
it doesn’t cost a lot to produce and it can help if they end up having heart attack, ect. also reduces impact on healthcare system if it reduces severity
safety considerations when working with older adults
- > older adults have a lower proportion of total body water, thus they are more susceptible to dehydration
- > older adults are more susceptible to injury from cold weather
- > it is important to consider surface areas, slips and falls can be devastating for older adults and is very expensive for health care system
frailty
a state of increased vulnerability and functional impairment caused by cumulative declines across multiple systems
what us the best resource you can use for 65+ ppl physical assessments
Senior Fitness Test
- > it is valid and reliable
- > shows norms for 65+
% of Canadians that are at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD)
90% of canadians have at least one risk factor for heart and stroke while nearly 40% have 3+ risk factors
- > so high because there are so many different avenues you can take to get there
- > regular aerobic activity and increase aerobic fitness, endurance and CV function in most cases at risk of CVD, it also reduces impact oh heart, and decreases symptoms of angina
angina
s a type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart
- > Angina is a symptom of coronary artery disease.
- > Angina pain is often described as squeezing, pressure, heaviness, tightness or pain in the chest.
intensity of exercise for older populations
- > if HR from stress test is not available then be extremely conservative (HRrest +20bpm)
- > if client has a pacemaker, stay 10bpm below limit
- > light-moderate intensity training is more appropriate for aerobic and RT
type 1 vs type 2 diabetes
Type 1
- > body does not produce any insulin (since birth)
Type 2 (develops)
- > body doesn’t produce enough insulin or doesn’t utilize it effectively
why must you modify PA routines if someone is diebetic
exercise “acts as insulin” and naturally reduces blood sugar
- > if a diabetic already doesn’t produce enough insulin and we make them do HIIT then they’re probably go into diabetic shock or pass out
- > doesn’t act right away, maybe 2-4hrs after which is why diabetics don’t exercise at night so they don’t fall into a coma while they sleep
typical blood sugar reading before exercise
should eat something (carbs) before exercise if BS is less than 5.5 (easily absorbed carbs)
- > delay exercise if BS is higher than 14mmol/L
disability definition
the interaction between individuals with a health condition, personal and environemental factors
frequency of disability in canada
4% of 15-24 y/o live with a disability in canada
42% of 75+
Major factors that you should be aware of when working with people with disability
- > get involved in disability in your community
- > one person experiencing disability is NOT equal to someone with the same disability
- > acknowledge what biases we hold
- > while having physical access to aid/assistive devices is important, just be cause someone has one doesn’t automatically make their life better
