Section 4

Question 1

Principle of the conservation of energy

Answer 1

Energy can never be created nor destroyed- it’s only transferred from one form to another

Question 2

Microphone

Answer 2

Sound-electrical-sound

Question 3

Toy car batteries

Answer 3

Chemical-electrical-kinetic, heat, sound etc

Question 4

Battery charger

Answer 4

Electrical-chemical

Question 5

Crane

Answer 5

Chemical-kinetic-gravitational potential

Question 6

Falling object

Answer 6

Grav potential-kinetic

Question 7

Archer

Answer 7

Chemical-elastic potential

Question 8

Bow/arrow

Answer 8

Elastic potential-kinetic

Question 9

Thermal radiation

Answer 9

The transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves

Question 10

Conduction

Answer 10

The process where vibrating particles pass on their extra kinetic energy to neighbouring particles

Question 11

Convection

Answer 11

When the more energetic particles move from the hotter region to the cooler region, and take their heat energy with them

Question 12

Hotter objects…

Answer 12

Emit more radiation than they absorb as they cool down

Question 13

Cooler objects

Answer 13

Absorb more radiation than they emit as they warm up

Question 14

Loft insulation

Answer 14

• fiberglass wool

- conduction and convection

Question 15

Draught-proofing

Answer 15

• strips of foam and plastic around doors

- convection

Question 16

Cavity wall insulation

Answer 16

• foam squirted into the gap between bricks

- convection, radiation

Question 17

Hot water tank jacket

Answer 17

• fiberglass wool

- conduction, radiation

Question 18

Double glazing

Answer 18

• two layers of glass with a narrow gap between them

- conduction, convection

Question 19

Thick curtains

Answer 19

• cloth

- convection, conduction, radiation

Question 20

Work done

Answer 20

Energy transferred

Question 21

Power

Answer 21

The rate of doing work

Question 22

Non-renewable resources

Answer 22

• coal
• oil
• natural gas
• nuclear fuels

Question 23

Advantages of fossil fuels

Answer 23

• releases lots of energy CHEAPLY
• doesn’t rely on the weather
• the stations already exist so we don’t need to build them

Question 24

Disadvantages- fossil fuels

Answer 24

• release CO2 which contributes to global warming and climate change
• releases sulfur dioxide (acid rain)
• they’re finite

Question 25

Nuclear- energy transformations

Answer 25

Nuclear-hear-kinetic-electrical

Question 26

Nuclear power- disadvantages

Answer 26

- expensive to build and maintain - take longer to start up - processing the uranium causes pollution - risk if radioactive leaks - decomissioning the power stations is expensive

Question 27

Nuclear- advantages

Answer 27

- no greenhouse gases | - lots of uranium

Question 28

Wind- advantages

Answer 28

- tough and reliable - free wind(!) - no polluting waste - renewable

Question 29

Wind- disadvantages

Answer 29

- spoil view - noisy - sometimes there is not enough wind - expensive to set up

Question 30

Geothermal-advantages

Answer 30

- free - renewable - no real environmental problems

Question 31

Solar-advantages

Answer 31

* renewable * initially expensive but after that the energy is free * no pollution

Question 32

Wave-advantages

Answer 32

* no pollution | * renewable

Question 33

Wave-disadvantages

Answer 33

* spoil the view * hazard to boats * unreliable * initial costs are high

Question 34

Tidal barrages- energy transfers

Answer 34

Kinetic-electrical

Question 35

tidal barrages-advantages

Answer 35

- no pollution - renewable - no fuel costs and minimal running costs

Question 36

tidal barrages- disadvantages

Answer 36

- prevents free access by boats - spoil the view - alter the habitat of animals - initial costs are high

Question 37

hydroelectricity energy transfers

Answer 37

grav pot energy-kinetic-electrical

Question 38

hydroelectricity- advantages

Answer 38

- renewable - no pollution - immediate response to increase demand - no fuel and running costs

Question 39

hydroelectricity- disadvantages

Answer 39

- environmental impacts due to flooding valleys | - initial costs are high