section 4 flash cards

Question 1

when the salt in the ocean water is removed

Answer 1

desalinization

Question 2

the movement of water through the hydrosphere

Answer 2

hydrologic cycle

Question 3

the first and smallest streams from a runoff

Answer 3

headwaters

Question 4

any smaller stream or river that flows into a larger stream or river

Answer 4

tributary

Question 5

the whole region drained by a river and its tributaries

Answer 5

watershed

Question 6

the whole region drained by a river and its tributaries

Answer 6

drainage basin

Question 7

forms where a river meets an inlet or small arm of the sea

Answer 7

estuaries

Question 8

any landscape that is covered with water for at least part of the year

Answer 8

wetlands

Question 9

when bacteria insects and worms break downs the plant and animal material into a mixture

Answer 9

humus

Question 10

the downward movement of minerals and humus in soils

Answer 10

leaching

Question 11

works across the hill rather than up and down the hill

Answer 11

contour plowing

Question 12

the soil becomes nearly useless for farming

Answer 12

soil exhaustion

Question 13

planting different crops in alternating years

Answer 13

crop rotation

Question 14

support farming if water is artificially supplied to the land

Answer 14

irrigation

Question 15

salt buildup in the soil

Answer 15

soil salinization

Question 16

destruction or loss of forests

Answer 16

deforestation

Question 17

new trees being planted after an area has been cut

Answer 17

reforestation

Question 18

artificial channels for transporting water

Answer 18

aqueducts

Question 19

depth of rock layers where groundwater is plentiful

Answer 19

aquifers

Question 20

coal, natural gas, and petroleum

Answer 20

fossil fuels

Question 21

the section of earths interior that lies above the outer core and has the most mass

Answer 21

mantle

Question 22

liquid rock within earth

Answer 22

magma

Question 23

the theory that earths crust is divided into rigid plates that slowly move across the upper mantle

Answer 23

plate tectonics

Question 24

the process by which earths plates slowly move across the upper mantle

Answer 24

continental drift

Question 25

places on earths surface where the crust stretches until it breaks

Answer 25

rift valleys

Question 26

areas of the ocean floor where rocks gradually sink because they have no supporting heat below them

Answer 26

abyssal plains

Question 27

areas where continental surfaces extend under the shallow ocean water around the continents

Answer 27

continental shelves

Question 28

a deep valley marking a collision of plates where one plate slides under another

Answer 28

trench

Question 29

places where rocks have been compressed into bends by colliding plates

Answer 29

folds

Question 30

places where rock masses have been apart and are moving away from each other

Answer 30

faults

Question 31

the process by which rocks break and decay over time

Answer 31

weathering

Question 32

small particles of weathered rock

Answer 32

sediment

Question 33

movement of surface material from one location to another by water, wind, and ice

Answer 33

erosion

Question 34

thick masses of ice including great ice sheets and bodies of ice that flow down mountains like slow rivers

Answer 34

glaciers

Question 35

an elevated flatland that rises sharply above nearby land on at least one side

Answer 35

plateau

Question 36

fan shaped deposit of mud and gravel often found along the bases of mountains

Answer 36

alluvial fan

Question 37

accumulation of sediment at the mouth of a river

Answer 37

delta

Question 38

earths center where pressures and temperatures are very high

Answer 38

core