Section 4 - Inorganic Chemistry

Question 1

group 1 elements

Answer 1

alkali metals

Question 2

reactivity in group 1

Answer 2

more reactive down the group

Question 3

electrons loss group 1

Answer 3

the more further away the electron is from the nucleus the easier it is to lose it

Question 4

Group 7 elements

Answer 4

Halogens

Question 5

group 7 atomic number

Answer 5

as it increases the elements have a darker colour and higher boiling points

Question 6

group 7 reactivity

Answer 6

the higher it is on the periodic table the more reactive it is

Question 7

As atomic number of halogens increases:

Answer 7

Elements have darker colour and higher boiling point

Question 8

Chlorine (Cl2)

Answer 8

• fairly reactive
• green gas
• poisonous

Question 9

Bromine (Br2)

Answer 9

• red-brown liquid
• gives out orange vapour at room temp.

Question 10

Iodine (I2)

Answer 10

• dark grey crystalline solid
• gives off purple vapour when heated.

Question 11

displacement reaction def

Answer 11

when a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from a compound

Question 12

oxidation def

Answer 12

loss of electrons

Question 13

Reduction def

Answer 13

gain of electrons

Question 14

redox reaction

Answer 14

reactions where reduction and oxidation happen at the same time

Question 15

Magnesium burned in air

Answer 15

• burns with bright white flame and white powder
• MgO slightly alkaline when dissolved in water

Question 16

Hydrogen burned in air

Answer 16

• easily burned, can be explosive
• Almost invisible pale blue flame
• only product water
• The comnustion of hydrogen is described with a ‘squeaky pop’

Question 17

Reactivity series

Answer 17

putas sadicas limpiando calcetines magneticamente autosaboteando zebras ironicamente cazando serpientes gordas

Question 18

How is rust made?

Answer 18

iron + water+ oxygen -> hydrated iron (III) oxide (rust)

Question 19

Three main ways of preventing rusting?

Answer 19

• Painting/ coating with plastic - ideal for big and small structures alike
• Oiling/ Greasing - best when object is moving
• sacrificial methord

Question 20

Sacrificial methord

Answer 20

• placing a more reactive metal with the iron.
• Water and oxygen then react with this metal insead than with iron
• normally zinc is used and a coating is sprayed (GALVANISING)

Question 21

litmus paper test

Answer 21

• red -> acid
• Purple -> neutral
• blue -> alkaline

Question 22

Phenolphthalein test

Answer 22

colourless -> acidic
Bright pink -> alkaline

Question 23

Methyl orange

Answer 23

• red -> acidic
• Yellow -> alkaline

Question 24

Acids are a source of

Answer 24

hydrogen protons
They are proton donors

Question 25

Alkaline/base characteristics

Answer 25

- bases are a substance that can neutralise an acid - Proton acceptors - Alkalines are soluble bases - An alkali are a source of hydroxide ions

Question 26

neutralisation

Answer 26

reaction between acid and alkali acid donates protons to the base outcome is always pH 7

Question 27

neutralisation general equation

Answer 27

acid + base -> salt + water

Question 28

acid + ammonia

Answer 28

-> ammonium salt

Question 29

metal carbonates general equation

Answer 29

acid + metal carbonate -> water + salt + carbon dioxide

Question 30

solubility of common salts: sodium, potassium, ammonium

Answer 30

soluble

Question 31

solubility of nitrates

Answer 31

soluble

Question 32

solubility of common chlorides

Answer 32

soluble except silver chloride and lead chloride

Question 33

solubility of common sulfates

Answer 33

soluble except lead, barium, calcium sulphate

Question 34

solubility of common carbonates

Answer 34

insoluble except for sodium potassium, ammonium

Question 35

common hydroxides

Answer 35

insoluble except sodium, potassium and calcium ones

Question 36

flame test use

Answer 36

identify metal ions (cations)

Question 37

flame test lithium

Answer 37

red flame

Question 38

flame test sodium

Answer 38

yellow

Question 39

flame test potassium

Answer 39

lilac

Question 40

flame test calcium

Answer 40

orange-red

Question 41

flame test copper

Answer 41

blue-green

Question 42

hydrochloric acid detects

Answer 42

carbonates - add dilute hydrochloric acid to your test sample - If CO2 released positive

Question 43

HCl and barium chloride tests

Answer 43

Sulphates - add dilute HCl and follow by a barium chloride solution - White precipitate formed positive

Question 44

Nitric acid and silver nitrate tests

Answer 44

Hilades (Cl, Br, I) - chloride ion gives white precipitate of silver chloride - Bromide ion gives cream precipitate of silver bromide - Iodide ions gives a yellow precipitate of silver iodide

Question 45

Test for chlorine

Answer 45

bleaches damp blue litmus paper, turning it white

Question 46

test for oxygen

Answer 46

relights a glowing splint

Question 47

test for carbon dioxide

Answer 47

turns limewater cloudy

Question 48

test for hydrogen

Answer 48

makes squeaky pop with a lighted splint

Question 49

test for ammonia

Answer 49

turns damp red litmus paper blue

Question 50

tests for water

Answer 50

wet copper (III) sulphate is blue and dry is white.