Section 4 - Respiration and Gas Exchange Flashcards
Respiration
Respiration is the process of transferring energy from glucose, which happens constantly in every living cell (chemical reaction)
ATP
A substance to store the energy needed and broken down for the energy to be released when in need
Aerobic respiration
Respiration with oxygen available
Equation for aerobic respiration
glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
(C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O)
Anaerobic respiration
Respiration with not enough oxygen supply.
Less energy released.
Equation for anaerobic respiration
Animals:
glucose → lactic acid
Plants:
glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide
Why does breathing rate & pulse rate remain high after exercise
the oxygen debt is still being repaid so the supply is enough
Lactic acid
Produced during anaerobic respiration, where the glucose is only partially broken down. Toxic because it changes the pH of cells.
hydrogen-carbonate indicator
Show the presence of carbon dioxide.
orange → yellow
Breathing
the mechanism that moves air into and out of the lungs, allowing gas exchange to take place (physical reaction)
inhalation
1) intercostal muscle contract
2) ribcage upwards & outwards
3) diaphragm contract
4) diaphragm move down& flatten
5) volume of chest cavity⤴
6) reduce pressure
7) air move in from high to low pressure
exhalation
1) intercostal muscle relax
2) ribcage inwards & downwards
3) diaphragm relax
4) diaphragm move up into a dome shape
5) volume of chest cavity ⤵
6) increase pressure
7) air move out from high to low pressure
