section 5: The Atom

Question 1

What is in the center of the atom?

Answer 1

The nucleus

Question 2

The nucleus is ____,____, and _____

Answer 2

Small, dense, and positively charged

Question 3

Protons

Answer 3

Positive charge (p+)

• identifies the elements
• mass= 1 amu

Question 4

Neutrons

Answer 4

No charge/ neutral (n^0)

• slightly larger in mass than protons (still considered 1 amu though)
• determine isotope

Question 5

Outside of the nucleus are ______

Answer 5

Electrons

Question 6

Electrons

Answer 6

1/1837 mass of proton

• determines chemical properties
• # protons = #electrons

Question 7

Atoms have ___ charge?

Answer 7

Neutral

Question 8

Atomic number

Answer 8

Number of protons

Question 9

Atomic mass/Mass number

Answer 9

Number of protons plus neutrons

Question 10

Today, chemical symbols are based on what?

Answer 10

1 captial letter and/or 1 lowercase letter

Question 11

Shorthand notation

Answer 11

Used to idenitify atoms/ isotopes

-two types: hyphen notation and nuclear notation

Question 12

Example of hyphen notation/ nuclear notation

Answer 12

C-12/ 12^6C

Question 13

Subatomic particles

Answer 13

Particles that are smaller than atoms

• make up atoms
• all particles have opposite “anti” particles

Question 14

Protons and neutrons are made up of _____

Answer 14

Quarks

Question 15

Quarks have 6 flavors called _______

Answer 15

Bottom/ top, up/down, strange/ charm

Question 16

Quarks do not exist alone and are always in groups called _____

Answer 16

Hadrons

Question 17

Two types of hadrons called _____

Answer 17

Baryons and mesons

Question 18

Baryons are particles that are made of ____ quarks

Answer 18

3 and ex= protons/ neutrons

Question 19

Gluons

Answer 19

Force particles that bind quarks into protons and neutrons

Question 20

Leptons

Answer 20

Six types: Electons, tau, muons, and 3 neutrinos

Question 21

Opposite of electron is ____

Answer 21

Positiron (same mass and e- but + charge)

Question 22

Reminder on how to find subatomic particles

Answer 22

+

Question 23

Strong nuclear

Answer 23

Holds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus

Question 24

Electromagnetism

Answer 24

Opposite charges attract/ likes repel

Question 25

Weak nuclear

Answer 25

Holds the neutron together (how we get beta decay)

Question 26

Gravity

Answer 26

Attraction b/w objects with mass

Question 27

Radioactivity

Answer 27

Process of an unstable nucleus emitting one or more particles of energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation

Question 28

Nuclear decay (process)

Answer 28

Process of atom’s nucleus changing by releasing energy/ particles to form a different element

Question 29

Nuclear radiation (result)

Answer 29

Charged particles of energy emitted by an unstable nucleus

Question 30

How many types of nuclear radiation are there/what are they?

Answer 30

4- alpha, beta, gamma, and neutron

Question 31

Alpha particles are _____

Answer 31

Large and +2 charge (basically a He nucleus) | -dont travel far and are stopped by skin and clothes

Question 32

Beta particles are ______

Answer 32

Very small and fast moving - -1 or +1 charge - formed from a decaying neutron - smaller and can penetrate more substances (stopped by 3mm of Al)

Question 33

Gamma rays are _____

Answer 33

High energy electromagnetic radiation - far penetrating bc they have no mass - more damaging to health

Question 34

Neutron emission are _____

Answer 34

No charge and increased energy - result of n^0 nuclei (large elements) - damaging

Question 35

Alpha decay

Answer 35

Element loses 2p and 2n

Question 36

Beta decay

Answer 36

Mass # doesnt change but the atom gains protons

Question 37

Gamma decay

Answer 37

No change in atomic #, just a change in energy

Question 38

Half life

Answer 38

The time required for half a sample of radioactive nuclei to decay