Section 5: The disintegration of the political nation, 1646-1649

Question 1

April 1646

Answer 1

The King left Oxford and surrendered to the Scots

Question 2

June 1646

Answer 2

Surrender of Oxford marked the virtual end of the war;

Leveller demonstrations in London. Thomas Edwards published Gangraena, a bitter attack on radicalism

Question 3

July 1646

Answer 3

The King is offered to the king in Newcastle

Question 4

Feb 1647

Answer 4

Scots handed King to parliament and left England; Parliament voted for disbandment of the Army

Question 5

April/May 1647

Answer 5

Army petitions and election of Agitators. Regiments refused to disband on May 31

Question 6

June 4 1647

Answer 6

Seizure of the King by Cornet Joyce

Question 7

June 5 1647

Answer 7

Army Engagement - General council set up; Representation of the army published

Question 8

July 1647

Answer 8

Royalist mobs invaded parliament; Independent MPs fled

Question 9

Heads of Proposals presented to the King

Answer 9

Aug 2 1647

Question 10

Aug 1647

Answer 10

Army entered London; conservative leaders fled and the independents were restored to their seats

Question 11

Sept 1647

Answer 11

Army in winter quarters at Putney; Levellers suspicious of Grandees negotiations with the King

Question 12

Oct 1647

Answer 12

Leveller John Wildman published the Case for the Army; leveller plans, summarised in the Agreement of the Peopledebated by the Army Council at Putney

Question 13

Nov 1647

Answer 13

The King’s escape brought the Putney debates to an end; Leveller mutiny at Ware easily crushed by Cromwell

Question 14

Dec 1647

Answer 14

The king signed an Engagement inviting the Scots to invade England

Question 15

Jan 1648

Answer 15

Parliament voted ‘No Further Addresses’ to the King; army council disbanded; Growing discontent and riots in Kent and Essex hardened into royalist risings in April

Question 16

April 1648

Answer 16

Risings in Kent, Essex, Cornwall, Yorkshire and south Wales; easily dealt with except at Colchester (Essex) and in Wales

Question 17

July 1648

Answer 17

Scottish army led by royalist Scots entered England

Question 18

(17) Aug 1648

Answer 18

Cromwell completed defeat of Welsh rising and (caught the Scots at Preston); conservative leaders returned to Parliament

Question 19

Sept 1648

Answer 19

Colchester forced to surrender to Fairfax. Second Civil War effectively over; Parliamentary commissioners sent to the Isle of Wight to renew negotiations with the King

Question 20

Nov 1648

Answer 20

Army remonstrance demanded the trial and punishment of the King

Question 21

Dec 5 1648

Answer 21

HoC voted the king’s reply to their commissioners to be a basis for negotiation

Question 22

Dec 6 1648

Answer 22

Pride’s Purge. Purge approved by Cromwell on his return to London on Dec 7

Question 23

Jan 1649

Answer 23

(Jan 1) High Court of Justice set up to try the king; (Jan 20) the King’s trial opened; (Jan 30) King Charles I executed at Whitehall.

Question 24

March 1649

Answer 24

England was declared to be a Commonwealth (republic)