SECTION 7 TRAUMA Flashcards
(233 cards)
1
Q
COMMUNCIABLE DISEASE
A
A DISEASE THAT CAN SPREAD FROM ONE PERSON OR SPECIES TO ANOTHER
2
Q
EPIDEMIC
A
OCCURS WHEN NEW CASES OF DISEASE IN A HUMAN POPULATION SUBSTANTIALLY EXCEED THE NUMBER EXPECTED
3
Q
ARTERIAL AIR EMBOLISM
A
AIR BUBBLES IN THE ARTERIAL BLOOD VESSELS
4
Q
BLUNT TRAUMA
A
AN IMPACT PN THE BODY BY OBJECTS THAT CAUSE INJURY WITHOUT PENETRATING SOFT TISSUES IR INTERNAL ORGANS OR CAVITIES
5
Q
CAVITATION
A
A PHENOMENON IN WHICH SPEED CAUSES A BULLET TO GENERATE PRESSURE WAVES WHICH CAUSE DAMAGE DISTANT FROM THE BULLETS PATH
6
Q
COUP-CONTRECOUP BRAIN INJURY
A
A BRAIN INJURY THAT OCCURS WHEN FORCE IS APPLIED TO THE HEAD AND ENERGY TRANSMISSION THROUGH BRAIN TISSUE CAUSES INJURY ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE ORIGINAL IMPACT
7
Q
DECELERATION
A
THE SLOWING OF AN OBJECT
8
Q
DRAG
A
RESISTANCE THAT SLOWS A PROJECTILE SUCH AS AIR
9
Q
GLASGOW COMA SCALE SCORE
A
AN EVALUATION TOOL USED TO DETERMINE THE LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS WHICH EVALUATES AND ASSIGNES POINT VALUES FOR EYE OPENING VERBAL RESPONSE AND MOTOR RESPONSE WHICH ARE THEN TOTALED
10
Q
INDEX OF SUSPICION
A
AWARENESS THAT UNSEEN LIFETHREATENING INJURIES MAY EXIST WHEN DETERMINING THE MECHANISM OF INJURY
11
Q
KINETIC ENERGY
A
THE ENERGY OF A MOVING OBJECT
12
Q
MECHANISM OF INJURY
A
THE FORCES OR ENERGY TRANSMISSION APPLIED TO THE BODY THAT CAUSE INJURY
13
Q
MEDICAL EMERGENCIES
A
EMERGENCIES THAT REQUIRE EMS ATTENTION BECAUSE OF ILLNESSES OR CONDITIONS NOT CAUSED BY AN OUTSIDE FORCE
14
Q
MULTISYSTEM TRAUMA
A
TRAUMA THAT EFFECTS MORE THAN ONE BODY SYSTEM
15
Q
PENITRATING TRAUMA
A
INJURY CAUSED BY OBJECTS SUCH AS KNIVES AND BULLETS THAT PIERCE THE SURFACE OF THE BODY AND DAMAGE INTERNAL TISSUE AND ORGANS
16
Q
POTENTIAL ENERGY
A
THE PRODUCT OF MASS GRAVITY AND HEIGHT WHICH IS CONVERTED INTO KINETIC ENERGY AND RESULTS IN INJURY SUCH AS FROM A FALL
17
Q
PROJECTILE
A
AN OBJECT PROPELLED BY FORCE SUCH AS A BULLET OR A WEAPON
18
Q
PULMONARY BLAST INJURIES
A
PULMONARY TRAUMA RESULTING FROM SHORT RANGE EXPOSURE TO THE DETONATION OF EXPLOSIVES
19
Q
REVISED TRAUMA SCORE
A
A SCORING SYSTEM USED TO TREAT PATIENTS WITH HEAD TRAUMA
20
Q
TRAJECTORY
A
THE PATH A PROJECTILE TAKES ONCE IT IS PROPELLED
21
Q
TRAUMA EMERGENCIES
A
EMERGENCIES THAT ARE HE RESULT OF PHYSICAL FORCES APPLIED TO A PATIENTS BODY
22
Q
TRAUMA SCORE
A
A SCORE CALCULATED FROM 1 TO 16 WITH 16 BEING THE BEST POSSIBLE SCORE IT RELATES TO THE LIKELYHOOD OF PATIENT SURVIVAL WITH THE EXCEPTION OF A SEVERE HEAD INJURY IT TAKES INTO ACCOUNT THE GLASGOW COMA SCALE SCORE RESPIRATORY RATE RESPIRATORY EXPANSION SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE AND CAPILARY REFILL
23
Q
TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
A
THE EARDRUM A THIN SEMI TRANSPARENT MEMBRANE IN THE MIDDLE OF THE EAR THAT TRANSMITES SOUND VIBRATIONS TO THE INTERNAL EAR BY THE PROCCESS OF AUDITORY OSSICLES
24
Q
WORK
A
THE MEASURE OF FORCE OVER DISTANCE
25
AORTA
THE MAIN ARTERY THAT RECIEVES BLOOD FROM THE LEFT VENTRICLE AND DELIVERS IT TO ALL THE OTHER ARTERIES THAT CARRY BLOOD TO THE REST OF THE BODY
26
ARTERIOLES
THE SMALLEST BRANCHES OF ARTERIES LEADING THE THE VAST NETWORK OF CAPPILARIES
27
ARTERY
A BLOOD VESSEL CONSISTING OF THREE LAYERS OF TISSUE AND SMOOTH MUSCLE THAT CARRIES BLOOD AWAY FROM THE HEART
28
CAPILLARIES
THE SMALL BLOOD VESSELS THAT CONNECT THE ARTERIOLES AND VENULES
29
COAGULATION
THE FORMATION OF CLOTS TO PLUG OPENINGS IN INJURED BLOOD VESSELS AND STOP BLOOD FLOW
30
CONTUSION
A BRUISE FROM AN INJURY THAT CAUSES BLEEDING BENEATH THE SKIN WITHOUT BREAKING THE SKIN
31
ECCHYMOSIS
A BUILDUP OF BLOOD BENEATH THE SKIN THAT PRODUCES A CHARACTERISTIC BLACK OR BLUE DISCOLORATION AS THE RESULT OF AN INJURY
32
EPISTAXIS
A NOSEBLEED
33
HEMATEMISIS
VOMITED BLOOD
34
HEMATOMA
A MASS OF BLOOD THAT HAS COLLECTED IN DAMAGED TISSUE BENEATH THE SKIN OR IN A BODY CAVITY
35
HEMATURIA
BLOOD IN THE URINE
36
HEMOPHILIA
A HEREDITARY CONDITION IN WHICH THE PATIENT LACKS ONE OR MORE OF THE BLOODS NORMAL CLOTTING FACTORS
37
HEMOPTYSIS
THE CAUGHING UP OF BLOOD
38
HEMORRAGE
BLEEDING
39
HEMOSTATIC DRESSING
A DRESSING IMPREGNATED WITH A CHEMICAL COMPOUND THAT SLOWS OR STOPS BLEDDINGBY ASSISTING WITH CLOT FORMATION
40
HYPOPERFUSION
A CONDITION IN WITCH THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM FAILS TO PROVIDE SUFFICIANT CIRCULATION TO MAINTAIN NORMAL CELLULAR FUNCTIONS ALSO CALLED SHOCK
41
HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK
A CONDITION IN WHICH LOW BLOOD VOLUME DUE TO MASSIVE INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL BLEEDING OR EXTENSIVE LOSS OF BODY WATER RESULTS IN INADEQUITE PERFUSION
42
JUNCTIONAL TOURNIQUET
A DEVICE THAT PROVIDES PROXIMAL COMPRESSION OF SEVERE BLEEDING NEAR THE AXIAL OR INGUINAL JUNCTION WITH THE TORSO
43
MELENA
BLACK FOUL SMELLING TARRY STOOL CONTAINING DIGESTED BLOOD
44
OPEN BOOK PELVIC FRACTURE
A LIFE THREATENING FRACTURE OF THE PELVIS CAUSED BY A FORCE THAT DIS PLACES ONE OF BOTH SIDES OF THE PELVIS LATTERALLY AND POSTERIORLY
45
PELVIC BINDER
A DEVICE TO SPLINT THE BONY PELVIS TO REDUCE HEMORRAGE FROM THE BONE ENDS VENOUS DISRUPTION AND PAIN
46
PERFUSION
THE CIRCULATION OD BLOOD WITHIN AN ORGAN OR TISSUE IN ADEQUITE AMOUNTS TO MEET THE CURRENT NEEDS OF THE CELLS
47
SHOCK
A CONDITION IN WHICH THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM FAILS TO PROVIDE ADEQUITE CIRCULATION TO MAINTAIN NORMAL CELLULAR FUNCTIONS ALSO CALLED HYPOPERFUSION
48
TOURNIQUET
THE BLEEDING CONTROL METHOD USED WHEN A WOUND CONTINUES TO BLEED DESPITE THE USE OF DIRECT PRESSURE USEFUL IF A PATIENT IS BLEEDING FROM A SEVERELY FROM A PARTIAL OR COMPLETE AMPUTATION
49
VASOCONSTRICTION
THE NARROWING OF A BLOOD VESSEL SUCH AS WITH HYPOPERFUSION OR COLD EXTREMITIES
50
VEINS
THE BLOOD VESSELS THAT CARRY THE BLOOD FROM THE TISSUES TO THE HEART
51
VENULES
VERY SMALL THIN WALLED BLOOD VESSELS
52
ABRASION
LOSS OR DAMAGE OF THE SUPERFICIAL LAYER OF SKIN AS A RESULT OF A BODY PART RUBBING OR SCRAPING ACROSS A ROUGH OR HARD SURFACE
53
AMPUTATION
AN INJURY IN WHICH PART OF THE BODY IS COMPLETLY SEVERED
54
AVULSION
AN INJURY IN WHICH SOFT TISSUE IS TORN OR LOOSE OR IS HANGING AS A FLAP
55
BURNS
INJURIES IN WITCH SOFT TISSUE DAMAGE OCCURS AS A RESULT OF THERMAL HEAT FRICTION HEAT TOXIC CHEMICALS ELECTRICITY OR NUCLEAR RADIATION
56
CLOSED INJURIES
INJURIES WHICH OCCUR BENEATH THE SKIN OR MUCOUS MEMBRANE BUT THE SURFACE OF THE SKIN REMAINS INTACT
57
COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
SWELLING IN A CONFINED SPACE THAT PRODUCES DANGEROUS PRESSURE MAY CUT OFF BLOOD FLOW OR DAMAGE SENSITIVE TISSUE
58
CONTACT BURN
A BURN CAUSED BY DIRECT CONTACT WITH A HOT OBJECT
59
CONTAMINATION
THE PRESENCE OF IMFECTIVE ORGANISMS OR FOREIGN BODIES SUCH AS DIRT GRAVEL OR METAL
60
CONTUSION
A BRUISE FROM AN INJURY THAT CAUSES BLEEDING BENEATH THE SKIN WITHOUT BREAKING THE SKIN
61
CRUSHING INJURY
AN INJURY THAT OCCURS WHEN A LARGE AMOUNT OF FORCE IS APPLIED TO THE BODY
62
CRUSH SYNDROME
SIGNIFICANT METABOLIC DERANGEMENT THAT DEVELOPED WHEN CRUSHED EXTREMITIES OR BODY PARTS REMAIN TRAPPED FOR PROLONGED PERIODS OF TIME THISCAN LEAD TO RENAL FAILURE OR DEATH
63
DERMIS
THE INNER LAYER OF SKIN CONTAINING HAIR FOLICLES SWEAT GLANDS NERVE ENDINGS AND BLOOD VESSELS
64
EPIDERMIS
THE OUTER LAYER OF SKIN WHICH IS MADE UP OF CELLS THAT ARE CEALED TOGETHER TO FORM A WATERTIGHT PROTECTIVE COVERING FOR THE BODY
65
EVISCERATION
THE DISPLACMENT OF ORGANS OUTSIDE THE BODY
66
EXCITED DELIRUIM
A SERIOUS BEHAVIORAL CONDITION IN WHICH A PERSON EXHIBITS AGITATED BEHAVIOR COMBINED WITH DISORIENTATION, HALUCINATIONS OR DELUSIONS
67
FASCIA
THE FIBER LIKE CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT COVERS ARTERIES VEINS TENDONS AND LIGAMENTS
68
FLAME BURN
A BURN CAUSED BY AN OPEN FLAME
69
FLASH BURN
A BURN CAUSED BY EXPOSURE TO EXTREME HEAT SUCH AS IN AN EXPLOSION
70
FULL THICKNESS BURNS OR THIRD DEGREE
BURNS THAT AFFECT ALL SKIN LAYERS AND MAY AFFECT THE SUBCUTANIOUS LAYERS , MUSCLE, BONE, AND INTERNAL ORGANS LEAVING THE ARE DRY LEATHERY AND WHITE DARK BROWN OR CHARRED
71
IMPALED OBJECTS
OBJECTS THAT PENITRATE THE SKIN BUT REMAIN IN PLACE
72
INCISION
A SHARP SMOOTH CUT IN THE SKIN
73
LACERATION
A DEEP JAGGED CUT IN THE SKIN
74
MUSCOUS MEMBRANES
THE LINING OF THE BODY CAVITIES AND PASSAGES THAT COMMUNICATE DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY WITHT THE ENVIRONMENT OUTSIDE THE BODY
75
OCCLUSIVE DRESSING
AN AIRTIGHT DRESSING THAT PROTECTS A WOUND FROM AIR AND OR BACTERIA
76
OPEN INJURIES
INJURIES IN CHICH THERE IS A BREAK IN THE SURFACE OF THE SKIN OR THE MUSCOUS MEMBRANE EXPOSING DEEPER TISSUE TO POTENTIAL CONTAMINATION
77
PARTIAL THICKNESS SECOND DEGREE BURNS
BURNS THAT AFFECT THE EPIDERMIS AND SOME PORTION OF THE DERMIS BUT NOT THE SUBCUTANIOUS TISSUE CHARACTERIZED BY BLISTERS AND SKIN THAT IS WHITE TO RED MOIST AND MOTTLED
78
PENETRATING WOUND
AN INJURY RESULTING FROM A SHARP OR PIERCING OBJECT
79
RABID
INFECTED WITH RABIES
80
RULE OF NINES
A SYSTEM THAT ASSIGNES PERCENTAGES TO SECTIONS OF THE BOD ALLOWING CALCULATION OF THE AMOUNT OF SKIN SURFACE INVOLVED IN THE BURN AREA
81
SCALD BURN
A BURN CAUSED BY HOT LIQUIDS
82
STEAM BURN
A BURN CAUSED BY EXPOSURE TO HOT STEAM
83
SUPERFICIAL BURNS OR FIRST DEGREE BURNS
BURNS THAT EFFECT ONLY THE EPIDERMIS CHARACTERIZED BY SKIN THAT IS RED BUT NOT BLISTERED OR ACTUALLY BURNED THROUGH
84
THERMAL BURN
A BURN CAUSED BY HEAT
85
AIR EMBOLISM
THE PRESENCE OF AIR IN THE VEINS WHICH CAN LEAD TO CARDIAC ARREST IF IT ENTERS THE HEART
86
ANISOCORIA
NATURALLY OCCURING UNEVEN PUPIL SIZE
87
BLOW OUT FRACTURE
A FRACTURE OF THE ORBIT OR THE BONES THAT SUPPORT THE FLOOR OF THE ORBIT
88
CONJUNCTIVA
THE DELICATE MEMBRANE THAT LINES THE EYELIDS AND COVERS THE EXPOSED SURFACE OF THE EYE
89
CONJUNCTIVITIS
INFLAMATION OF THE CONJUNCTIVA
90
CORNEA
THE TRANSPARENT TISSUE LAYER IN FRONT OF THE PUPIL AND IRIS OF THE EYE
91
EUSTACHIAN TUBE
THE TUBE THAT CONNECTS THE EAR TO THE OROPHARYNX
92
EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL
THE EAR CANAL LEADS TO THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
93
GLOBE
THE EYEBALL
94
IRIS
THE MUSCLE AND SOUROUNDING TISSUE BEHIND THE CORNEA THAT DIALATE AND CONSTRICT THE PUPIL REGULATING THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT THAT ENTERS THE EYE
95
LACRIMAL GLANDS
THE GLANDS THAT PRODUCE LIQUID TO KEEP THE EYE MOIST ALSO CALLED TEAR GLANDS
96
LENS
THE TRANSPARENT PART OF THE EYE THROUGH WHICH IMAGES ARE FOCUSED ON THE RETINA
97
MASTOID PROCCESS
THE PROMINENT BONY MASS AT THE BASE OF THE SKULL ABOUT 1 INCH POSTERIOR TO THE EXTERNAL OPENING OF THE EAR
98
OPTIC NERVE
A CRANIAL NERVE THAT TRANSMITS VISUAL IMFROMATION TO THE BRAIN
99
PINNA
THE EXTERNAL VISIBLE PART OF THE EAR
100
PUPIL
THE CIRCULAR OPENING IN THE MIDDLE OF THE IRIS THAT ADMITS LIGHT TO THE BACK OF THE EYE
101
RETINA
THE LIGHT SENSITIVE AREA OF THE EYE WHERE IMAGES ARE PROJECTED
102
RETINAL DETACHMENT
SEPERATION OF THE RETINA FROM ITS ATTACHMENTS AT THE BACK OF THE EYE
103
SCLERA
THE TOUGH FIBEROUS WHITE PORTION OF THE EYE THAT PROTECTS THE MORE DELICATE INNER STRUCTURES
104
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID MUSCLES
THE MUSCLES ON EITHER SIDE OF THE NECK THAT ALLOW MOVEMENT OF THE HEAD
105
SUBCUTANIOUS EMPHSEMA
A CHARACTERISTIC CRACKLING SENSATION FELT UPON PALPATION OF THE SKIN CAUSED BY THE PRESENCE OF AIR IN SOFT TISSUES
106
TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
THE JOINT FORMED WHERE THE CRANIUM AND MANDIBLE MEET JUST IN FRONT OF THE EAR
107
TRAGUS
THE SMALL ROUNDED FLESHY BULGE THAT LIES IMMEDIATELY ANTERIOR TO THE EAR CANAL
108
TURBINATES
LAYERS OF BONE WITHIN THE NASAL CAVITY
109
TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
THE EARDRUM A THIN SEMITRANSPARENT MEMBRANE IN THE MIDDLE EAR THAT TRANSMITS SOUND VIBRATIONS TO THE INTERNAL EAR BY MEANS OF AUDITORY OSSICLES
110
anterograde amnesia
inability to remember injuries after and event
111
axial loading injuries
injuries in which load is applied along the vertical or longitudinal axis of the spine which results in load being transmitted along the entire length of the vertebral column
112
basilar skull fractures
fractures that usually occur following diffuse impact to the head generally assault from extension of a linear fracture to the base of the skull and can be difficult to diagnose with a radiograph
113
battle sign
bruising behind the ear over the mastoid process that may indicate a skull fracture
114
central neurogenic hyperventilation
an abnormal breathing pattern associated with increased ICP that is characterized by deep rapid breaths
115
cerebral edema
swelling of the brain
116
closed head injury
injury in which the bran has been injured but the skin has not been broken and there is no obvious bleeding
117
concussion
a temporary loss or alteration of the brains abilities to function without actual physical damage to the brain
118
coup contrecoup injury
a brain injury that occurs when force is applied to the head and energy transmission through brain tissue causes injury on the opposite side of the original impact
119
epidural hematoma
an accumulation of blood between the skull and the dura mater
120
eyes forward position
a head position in which the eyes are strait ahead and the chin inline with the torso
121
four person log roll
the recommended procedure for moving a patient with a suspected spinal injury from the ground to a long backboard or other spinal precaution device
122
intervertebral disks
tough elastic structures between adjoining vertebrae that act as shock absorbers
123
intracerebral hematoma
bleeding within the brain tissue itself
124
intracranial pressure
the pressure within the cranial vault
125
involuntary activities
actions of the body that are not under the persons conscious control
126
linear skull fracture
fractures that commonly occur in the temporoparietal region of the skull and that are not associated with deformities to the skull
127
meninges
three distinct layers of tissue that surround and protect the brain and the spinal cord within the skull and the spinal canal
128
open head injury
injury to the head often caused by a penetrating object in which there may be bleeding or exposed brain tissue
129
primary injury
an injury to the brain and its associated structures that is a direct result of an impact the the head
130
raccoon eyes
bruising under the eyes that may indicate a skull fracture
131
retrograde amnesia
the inability to remember events leading up to a head injury
132
secondary injury
the aftereffects of the primary injury
133
subarachnoid hemorrhaging
bleeding into the subarachnoid space where the cerebrospinal fluid circulates
134
subdermal hematoma
an accumulation of blood beneath the dura mater but outside the brain
135
traumatic brain injury
a traumatic insult to the brain capable of producing physical intellectual emotional social and vocational changes
136
voluntary activities
actions that are consciously preformed in which sensory input or conscious thought determines a specific muscular activity
137
cardiac tamponade
compression of the heart due to buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac leading to decreased cardiac output
138
closed chest injury
an injury to the chest in which the skin is not broken usually caused by blunt trauma
139
Commotio Cordis
a blunt test injury caused by a sudden direct blow to the chest that occurs only during the critical portion of a persons heartbeat
140
Crepitus
A grinding or grating sensation caused by fractured bone ends or joints rubbing together
141
Flail chest
a condition in which two or more adjacent ribs are fractured into or more places or in association with a fracture of the sternum so that a segment of the chest wall is effectively detached from the rest of the thoracic cage
142
flutter valve
a one way valve that allows air to leave the chest cavity but not return
143
Hemopneumothorax
the accumulation of blood and air in the pleural space of the chest
144
Hemothorax
A collection of blood in the pleural cavity
145
Myocardial Contusion
bruising of the heart muscle
146
Occlusive dressing
an airtight dressing that protects a wound from air or bacteria
147
open chest injury
an injury to the chest in which the chest wall itself is penetrated by a rib or more frequently by an external object such as a bullet or knife
148
open pneumothorax
an open or penetrating chest wall wound through which air passes during inspiration or expiration creating a sucking sound
149
Paradoxical motion
the motion of the portion of the chest wall that is detached in flailed chest
150
paracardium
the fibrous sac that surrounds the heart
151
pneumothorax
an accumulation of air or gas in the pleural cavity
152
pulmonary contusion
injury or bruising of the lung tissue that results in hemorrhage
153
simple pneumothorax
any pneumothorax that is free from significant physiologic changes and does not change drastic changes in the vital signs of the patient
154
spontaneous pneumothorax
a pneumothorax that occurs when a weak area on the lung ruptures in the absence of major injury allowing air to leak into the pleural space
155
sucking chest wound
an open or penetrating chest wall wound through which air passes during inspiration and expiration creating a sucking sound
156
tachypnea
rapid respirations
157
Tension pneumothorax
an accumulation of air or gas in the pleural cavity that progressively increases pressure in the chest that interferes with cardiac function with potentially fatal results
158
Traumatic asphyxia
A pattern of injuries seen after a severe force is applied to the chest forcing blood from the great vessels back into the head and neck
159
Vented chest seal
an occlusive dressing designed to allow air to escape through the dressing but not be drawn back in
160
Closed abdominal injury
an injury in which there is soft tissue damage inside the body but the skin remains intact
161
evisceration
the displacement of organs outside of the body
162
flank
the region below the rib cage and above the hip
163
Guarding
involuntary muscle contractions of the abdominal wall to minimize the pain of abdominal movement a sign of peritonitis
164
hematuria
blood in the urine
165
Hollow organs
structures through which materials pass such as the stomach, small intestines, large intestines, ureters, and urinary bladder
166
Melena
black foul smelling tarry stool containing digested blood
167
open abdominal injury
an injury in which there is a break in the surface of the skin or mucous membrane exposing deeper tissue to potential contamination
168
Peritoneal cavity
the abdominal cavity
169
Peritoneum
the membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering the abdominal organs
170
retro peritoneum
the potential space located posterior to the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen
171
Solid organs
Solid masses of tissue where much of the chemical work of the body takes place
172
acromioclavicular (AC) Joint
A simple joint where the bony projections of the scapula and the clavicle meet at the top of the shoulder
173
Amputation
An injury in which part of the body is completely severed
174
Articular cartilage
A pearly white layer of specialized cartilage covering the articular surfaces of bones in synovial joints
175
Calcaneus
The heel bone
176
Closed fracture
Any break in a bone in which the overlying skin is not broken
177
Compartment syndrome
Swelling in a confined space that produces dangerous pressure may cut off blood flow or damage sensitive tissue
178
crepitus
A grading or grinding sensation or sound caused by fractured bone ends or joints rubbing together
179
Dislocation
Disruption of a joint in which ligaments are damaged and the bone ends are no longer in contact
180
Displaced fracture
A fracture in which bone fragments ar....other producing deformity in the limb
181
Ecchymosis
Bruising or discoloration associated with bleeding within or under the skin
182
False motion
Movement that occurs in a bone at a point where there is no joint indicating a fracture also called free movement
183
Fascia
The fiber like connected tissue that covers arteries veins tendons and ligaments
184
Fibula
The outer and smaller bone of the two bones of the lower leg
185
Fracture
A break in the continuity of a bone
186
Glenoid Fossa
The part of the scapula that joins with the humoral head to form the Glenohumeral joint
187
Hematuria
Blood in the urine
188
Joint
The place where two bones come into contact
189
Ligaments
Bands of fibrous tissue that connect bones to bones ligaments support and strengthen a joint
190
Non displaced fracture
A simple crack in the bone that has not caused the bone to move from its normal anatomic position also called a hairline fracture
191
Open fracture
Any break in a bone in which the overlying skin has been broken
192
Pelvic binder
A device to splint the Bony Pelvis to reduce hemorrhage from bone ends Venus disruption and pain
193
Point tenderness
Tenderness that is sharply localized at the site of the injury found by gently palpating along the bone with the tip of one finger
194
Position of function
A hand position in which the wrist is slightly dorsiflexed and all finger joints are moderately flexed
195
Reduce
To return a dislocated joint or fractured bone to its normal position to set
196
Retroperitoneal space
The space between the abdominal cavity and the posterior abdominal wall containing the kidneys certain large vessels and parts of the gastrointestinal tract
197
Sciatic nerve
The major nerve to the lower extremities controls much of muscle function and the leg and sensation in most of the leg and foot
198
sling
A bandage or material that helps to support the weight of an injured upper extremity
199
Splint
A flexible or rigid device used to protect and maintain the position of an injured extremity
200
sprain
A joint injury involving damage to supporting ligaments and sometimes partial or temporary dislocation of bone ends
201
Strain
Stretching or tearing of a muscle also: muscle pull
202
Swath
A bandage that passes around the chest to secure an injured arm to the chest
203
Tibia
The Shinbone the larger of the two bones of the lower leg
204
Tourniquet
The bleeding control method used when a wound continues to bleed despite the use of direct pressure useful if a patient is bleeding severely from a partial or complete amputation
205
Traction
Longitudinal force applied to a structure
206
Zone of injury
The area of potentially damaged soft tissue adjacent nerves and blood vessels surrounding an injury to a bone or a joint
207
Air embolism
The presence of air in the veins which can lead to cardiac arrest if it enters the heart
208
Ambient temperature
The temperature of the surrounding environment
209
Antivenin
A serum that counteracts the effects of venom from an animal or insect
210
Bends
A common name for decompression sickness
211
Breath holding syncope
Loss of consciousness caused by a decreased breathing stimulus
212
Conduction
The loss of heat by direct contact
213
Convection
The loss of body heat caused by air movement
214
Core temperature
The temperature of the central part of the body
215
Decompression sickness
A painful condition seen in divers who ascend too quickly in which gas especially nitrogen forms bubbles in blood vessels and other tissues
216
Diving reflex
The slowing of the heart rate caused by submersion in cold water
217
Drowning
The process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion or immersion in liquid
218
Dysbarism injuries
Any signs and symptoms caused by the difference between the surrounding atmospheric pressure and the total gas pressure in various tissues fluids and cavities of the body
219
Evaporation
The conversion of water or another fluid from a liquid to a gas
220
Frostbite
Damage to tissues as the result of exposure to cold frozen body parts frozen or partially frozen body parts or frostbitten
221
Heat cramps
Painful muscle spasms usually associated with vigorous activity in a hot environment
222
Heat exhaustion
A heat emergency in which a significant amount of fluid and electrolyte loss occurs because of heavy sweating also called heat prostration or heat collapse
223
Heat stroke
A life threatening condition of severe hyperthermia caused by exposure to excessive natural or artificial heat marked by warm dry skin severely altered mental status and often irreversible coma
224
Homeostasis
A balance of all systems of the body
225
hymenoptera
A family of insects that includes bees wasps ants and yellow jackets
226
hyperthermia
A condition in which the body core temperature rises to 101 degrees Fahrenheit or 38.3 degrees Celsius or more
227
Hypothermia
A condition in which the body core temperature falls below 95 degrees Fahrenheit or 35 degrees Celsius
228
Radiation
The transfer of heat to colder objects in the environment by radiant energy for example heat gain from a fire
229
Respiration
The inhaling and exhaling of air the physiological process that exchanges carbon dioxide from fresh air
230
Reverse triage
A triage process used in treating multiple victims of a lightning strike in which efforts are focused on those who are in respiratory and cardiac arrest. reverse triage is different from conventional triage where such patients would be classified as deceased
231
Scuba gear
A system that delivers error to the mouth and lungs at various atmospheric pressures increasing with the depth of the dive stands for self contained underwater breathing apparatus
232
Turgor
The ability of the skin to resist deformation tested by gently pinching skin on the forehead or back of the hand
233
