Section 8 Flashcards
(14 cards)
1
Q
Bands
A
- Small groups related by blood or marriage
- No centralized gov’t (acephalous)
- Informal leaders- can give advice, but can’t impose will
- Make decisions through Concensus
- ~ Egalitarian (equal between wealth and power) fairly
- Foragers
2
Q
Acephalous
A
No centralized government
3
Q
Tribes
A
- Similar to bands
- ~ Egalitarian fairly
- acephalous
- Headman or headwoman (ex: bigman in New Guinea p. 203)
- Horticulturalist & pastoralists
- Ex: Nuer of S. Sudan
- Sometimes associated with brutal warfare- colonial presence may be a variable
- Age grades-series of statuses, ex: childhood, warrior, adult, elder
- Age sets- group moves through age grades together
4
Q
Age Grades
A
Series of statuses, ex: childhood, warrior, adult, elder
5
Q
Age Sets
A
Group moves through age grades together
6
Q
Bigman
A
Headman or headwoman
7
Q
Chiefdom’s
A
- More complex than bands or tribes
- More specialization & technology
- Single political authority common
- Communities differ in rank & status (depends on relationship to chiefs, nobles)
- Horticulture or pastoralism
- Centralized & permanent power
- Ex: Hawaiian system
8
Q
States
A
- Most complex and formal political systems
- Hierarchical
- Occupy a larger area
- Taxes, labor for armies & projects
- Agriculture (larger scale food production)
- Cities
- Labor & political specializations
- Internal distribution
- More Foreign trade
9
Q
Power
A
Making people do what you want
10
Q
Authority
A
Socially excepted power
11
Q
Social Control
A
- Mechanisms that encourage people not to violate norms.
- Informal consequences- gossip, ridicule, shame, enculturation
- Formal consequences- law, education & enculturation, supernatural beliefs
12
Q
Hegemony
A
Dominance the state achieves through internalization of elite values by non-elites. Elites interest appears to be interests of all. E.g., individual responsible for economic success or failure in US
13
Q
Ideological Control
A
Controlling/shaping beliefs, values, and behaviors of people in a social group.
-Hegemony through consent:
Ex. through education system
14
Q
Bands
A
- Small groups related by blood or marriage
- No centralized gov’t (acephalous)
- Informal leaders- can give advice, but can’t impose will
- Make decisions through Concensus
- ~ Egalitarian (equal between wealth and power) fairly
- Foragers
