Section B - 12.5, 6

Question 1

Phases of cardiac cycle

Answer 1

Systole, diastole

Question 2

Systole

Answer 2

Ventricular contraction and blood ejection

Question 3

Diastole

Answer 3

Alternating period of ventricular relaxation and blood filling

Question 4

First part of systole

Answer 4

Isovolumetric ventricular contraction - increasing ventricular blood pressure

Question 5

Second part of systole

Answer 5

Ventricular ejection - pressure in ventricles > aorta and pulmonary trunk, blood is forced into aorta

Question 6

First part of diastole

Answer 6

Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation - ventricles relax and the aortic and pulmonary valves close

Question 7

Second part of diastole

Answer 7

Ventricular filling - blood flows in from atria

Question 8

_% of ventricular filling occurs before atrial contraction

Answer 8

80%

Question 9

End diastolic volume - EDV

Answer 9

Amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of ventricular diastole

Question 10

End systolic volume - ESV

Answer 10

Amount of blood in the ventricle after ejection

Question 11

Stroke volume =

Answer 11

EDV - ESV

Question 12

Dicrotic notch

Answer 12

Combo of elastic recoil of the aorta and blood rebounding against the valse causing a rebound of aortic pressure

Question 13

Lub

Answer 13

Closure of AV valves

Question 14

Dup

Answer 14

Closure of pulmonary and aortic valves

Question 15

Lub marks the onset of ___, dup occurs at the onset of ___

Answer 15

Systole, diastole

Question 16

Laminar flow

Answer 16

blood flowing through valves and vessels in smooth concentric layers

Question 17

Stenosis

Answer 17

Blood flowing rapidly in the usual direction through an abnormally narrowed valve

Question 18

Insufficiency

Answer 18

Blood flowing between the two atria or two ventricles through a small hole in the wall separating them (septal defect)

Question 19

Cardiac output

Answer 19

The volume of blood pumped per minute

Question 20

CO =

Answer 20

HR x SV

Question 21

Autonomous discharge rate of the SA node

Answer 21

100 bpm

Question 22

Chronotropic effects

Answer 22

Activity in the parasympathetic neurons causing heart rate to decrease, activity in sympathetic neurons causing it to increase

Question 23

___ stimulation increases the slope of the pacemaker potential by increasing ___ channel permeability

Answer 23

Sympathetic, F-type

Question 24

Increased parasympathetic input ___ heart rate

Answer 24

decreases

Question 25

Epinephrine is secreted in the ___ circulation by the ___ ___

Answer 25

Systemic, adrenal medulla

Question 26

Relationship between SV and EDV is called ___ ___

Answer 26

Frank-starling mechanism

Question 27

Frank starling mechanism

Answer 27

at any given HR, an increase in venous return - the flow of blood from the veins into the hear - automatically forces an increase in CO by increasing EDV and therefore SV

Question 28

Contractility

Answer 28

the strength of contraction at any given EDV

Question 29

Ejection fraction =

Answer 29

EF = SV/EDV