Section B - specialist technical principles

Question 1

What do you call it when you cut down a tree?

Answer 1

Felling

Question 2

What are the two types of seasoning wood?

Answer 2

Kiln drying - quicker, more expensive
Air drying - cheap, slow
Both bring moisture from 200% to 20%

Question 3

What does planed all round mean?

Answer 3

The process of using a plane to smooth the edges and sides of a plank, usually removing around 2-3mm of wood.

Question 4

Give a step by step guide on how MDF is made.

Answer 4

-offcuts come to factory
-machines shred and dry wood chips
-wood chips and sawdust is added to a mixture of glue, resin and water
-finally the mixture is heated, pressed and extruded to make the final sheet of material.

Question 5

Why is timber seasoned?

Answer 5

To stop the wood from shrinking and warping over time.

Question 6

Name the three different types of cuts for timbre?

Answer 6

Through and through, quarter cut and baulk cut

Question 7

What are the pros and cons of a through and through cut?

Answer 7

Pros = cost effect, quick, general use
Cons = can warp and twist easily

Question 8

What are the pros and cons of a quarter cut?

Answer 8

Pros = high quality cut , used in high quality furniture
Cons = complex and expensive , creates a lot of waste

Question 9

What are the pros and cons of a baulk cut?

Answer 9

Pros = very simple, good for posts and Beams
Cons = creates a lot of waste

Question 10

What is the benefit of using a housing joint?

Answer 10

As the pressure is dissipated into the walls

Question 11

Give 3 examples of reinforced materials?

Answer 11

Carbon fibre, reinforced concrete and denim jeans

Question 12

What is a composite material?

Answer 12

A material produced from 2 or more materials with different physical and chemical properties

Question 13

What is a reinforced material

Question 14

Give 3 examples of composite materials

Answer 14

Reinforced concrete, MDF and fibreglass

Question 15

What is webbing?

Answer 15

A strong, narrrow, closely woven fabric designed for bearing weight and especially used in ropes and straps

Question 16

Give 3 examples of webbing?

Answer 16

Seat belt, climbing and sandals

Question 17

How is plywood made?

Answer 17

Layers of different types of wood are glued or compressed together but with the grain turned by 90 degrees

Question 18

Why is the grain rotated 90 degrees in plywood?

Answer 18

As it reinforces the wood and gives it multidirectional strength

Question 19

What does wasting mean?

Answer 19

Removing material

Question 20

Name 4 different types of drill bit?

Answer 20

Flat head drill bit, twist bit, counter sink bit and forstner bit

Question 21

What is a forstner drill bit used for?

Answer 21

Used to drill large, flat bottomed holes

Question 22

What is a counter sink bit used for?

Answer 22

Used to make holes for the top of the screw to sit flush with materials.

Question 23

What is a twist bit used for?

Answer 23

Drilling holes, and Create a pilot hole to stop wood from splitting.

Question 24

Give an in-depth guide to turning (using the lathe)

Answer 24

• diagonal lines are drawn across the crosses, at the end of each piece of wood, to find the centres
  -the waste wood is removed with a suitable plane.
• a tenon saw is used to cut a diagonal groove at one end of the piece of wood. This is to help the drive centre prongs to grip the wood.
  -the drive centre is hammered together into position with a wooden mallet, at the grooved end, using a mallet.
• the wood is then set up in the lathe, ready for turning
  -the tool rest should be quite close to the wood . before turning on the lathe, spin the wood to ensure it doesn’t catch on the tool rest.
• a roughing gouge is used to remove the majority of wood when Turning. Then use a scraper, gouge or parting tool for a more accurate finish.

Question 25

what does a router do?

Answer 25

it is used to shape peices of wood with perfectly finished edges and corners.

Question 26

what does a digital vernier calliper do?

Answer 26

used to measure external and internal distances extremely accurately.

Question 27

what is beading?

Answer 27

long small peices of wood available in a range of lengths and styles. ( used in skirting boards)

Question 28

what is a dowel?

Answer 28

a long, cylidrical peice of wood available in a range of diameters and lengths.

Question 29

what is a veneer?

Answer 29

thin, paper-like peice of wood. (commonly 1.5 mm thick) used to cover peices of wood on e.g. doors, tops, panels.

Question 30

what is a wood tack?

Answer 30

commonly used in upholstery and once used to make shoes and saddles for horses. they are short and very sharp with a larger heasd than other nails.

Question 31

what are block and rigid joints?

Answer 31

block joint- used to join peices together. often found in flat pack furniture however dont look very good. rigid joint- added to increase stablility and limit movement in a joint. also look nicer than a block joint.

Question 32

what is a cam fastener?

Answer 32

used in lockers, safety boxes, cabinets and drawers. also often found in flat pack furniture. they are small screw nuts that we fasten within the furniture.

Question 33

name the 6 most common joining methods.

Answer 33

-dowel joint (connected with dowels) -finger joint (interlocking like fingers) -mitre joint (connects two peices at a right angle diagonally) -housing joint (one peice fits inside another) -mortise and tenon joint ( like a female to male plug) -butt joint ( two peices connected at a right angle)

Question 34

what are the 6 Rs?

Answer 34

reduce, reuse, refuse, repair, recycles, rethink

Question 35

what are the three categories of timbre?

Answer 35

soft (pine) , hard (oak) and manfactured board (MDF)

Question 36

name 7 ways timbre can be cut and shaped.

Answer 36

sawed, turned, sanded, rasped, planed, pillar drilled, hand drilled.

Question 37

name 6 wood finishes and what their job is.

Answer 37

- acrylic paint - colours wood, creates a protective coating from knocks -wax - waterproof wood, protection fungus and insect attack, enhances natural green -oil - soaked into timber, protect from moisture, can be coloured with steam, enhances grain -varnish - protect from moisture, can be coloured, gloss, satin or maths finish, yellows with age -wood stain - permanently colours would, does not protect it, results vary depending on base wood and colour - wood preservative - protects word from fungal or insect attack and prevents rot and decay, needs wrap reapplication now and again

Question 38

explain why tanalising is used to preserve words?

Answer 38

(pressure treated wood)- to improve life expectancy and to make timber more resistant to rot, fungus, mould, insect attack and general damp weather

Question 39

What are the four different scales of production and what are they?

Answer 39

Bespoke - made specifically to fit the need and requirtements for a user. Batch- when a quantity of identical goods is made at the same time mass - making large quantities of standard products continuous - making products in an uninterrupted flow in the manufacturing line and a consistent delivery of goods.

Question 40

what is FSC and what are the pros and cons of it?

Answer 40

forset sterwardship council - pros: secures a long term source of paper, cons: more expensive

Question 41

make wood questions

Question 42

describe the process of steam bending.

Answer 42

1) let plywood rest in hot water for 10 mins 2) glue two peices of plywood together with grain at 90 degrees 3) tape peices of wood together to keep them in place. 4) put wood in a former and clamp over night.

Question 43

what is a go/no go gauge?

Answer 43

used to check that a hole size is within tolerance.