Section E: Planet Earth Flashcards
(19 cards)
True or False: The farther apart the P and S waves, the farther way the Earthquake.
True
What is a geologist?
Scientists who study Earth
What are models used for?
Models are used to explain things that can’t be fully known or seen.
What does the crust cover? How thin is the crust? What is the crust made out of? Where does the crust radiate heat? All ______ things are found in the crust.
- Covers Earths surface
- Thinnest layer (10-90km)
- Made of rocks, minerals, contains fossil fuels
- Radiates heat into the atmosphere
- Living things
How thick is the mantle? What are the upper and lower mantle made out of?
- ~2000 km thick
- Upper mantle is made out of solid rock, lower mantle is made out of partly liquid rock
What is the outer core made out of? How thick is the outer core? What is the outer core temperature?
- made of molten (liquid) iron and nickel
- ~2200 km thick
- Temperature is over 5500 C
What forces the inner core into a solid ball?
What is the inner core made out of?
What is the inner core temperature?
- Pressure
- Iron and Nickel
- Up to 7000 C
What are Earthquakes?
Tremblings or vibrations in the ground.
The large masses of _________ that make up ________ surface move very ________. At boundaries where these plates move together, apart or alongside each other, ______ builds up. When the rock breaks, an _________ occurs.
- Rock
- Earth’s
- Slowly
- Pressure
- Earthquake
What is the focus?
The place beneath the earths surface where an earthquake begins.
What is the epicentre?
The surface location directly above the focus.
What are seismic waves?
Energy waves that travel out from the source of the quake. These wave cave aftershocks (smaller earthquakes) that can cause damage.
What are Primary/P Waves?
Fastest seismic waves that comes from the focus, and are the fastest. They can move through solids liquids and gases.
What are Secondary/ S waves?
Seismic waves that come from the focus, travel more slowly, and can only pass through solids.
What are surface waves?
Seismic waves that travel out from the epicentre along the surface. They are the slowest, but can cause the most damage.
What are Seismographs used for?
Seismographs are machines that detect seismic waves, measuring the strength of earthquakes.
What is the Richter Scale?
A Earthquake scale based on strength. The scale starts at 0 and an increase of 1 represents an increase of 10x the motion.
What is a volcano?
An opening in Earth’s crust that releases lava, ash and steam when it erupts.
How does a volcano form?
1 One mass of rock moves down under the other.
2 The descending rock reaches hot areas and melts into magma
3 The magma rises through cracks in the rock
4 The pressure builds up at the surface and an eruption occurs
5 Lava shoots into the air, flows down and cools info rock (changes the shape of the mountain)
