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SKILLED TRADES EXAM > SECTION F > Flashcards

SECTION F Flashcards

1
Q

boron deficiency

A

basal chlorosis
thickened/curled leaves
terminal bud abortion

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2
Q

calcium deficiency

A

hooked newer/bud leaves
reduced root growth
chlorotic/necrotic submarginal spots
terminal bud abortion

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3
Q

copper deficiency

A

terminal leaves lose colour/wither
stunted growth
terminal bud abortion
rosetting

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4
Q

iron deficiency

A

young leaves with interveinal chlorosis
stalks short and slender

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5
Q

magnesium deficiency

A

interveinal chlorosis/mottling of older leaves
thin leaves with marginal scorch/cupping

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6
Q

manganese deficiency

A

young leaves with interveinal chlorosis or necrotic spots
leaves lose colour and drop

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7
Q

molybdenum deficiency

A

plants may become n deficient
leaves cupped/rolled, pale green
stunted growth

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8
Q

nitrogen deficiency

A

delayed maturity
light green leaves (older)
lower leaves turn yellow and drop
stunted growth

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9
Q

phosphorus deficiency

A

dark green/anthocyanescent stems, leaves, branches
reduction in number and quality of flowers and fruit
stunted growth

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10
Q

potassium deficiency

A

older leaves mottled, spotted, curled
marginal scorch
weak roots
stems slender and weak
fruits shrivelled

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11
Q

sulphur deficiency

A

similar to N but chlorosis on older and newer leaves alike
reduced growth
stems/roots brittle and slender

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12
Q

zinc deficiency

A

interveinal chlorosis to rapidly emerging necrotic spots
shortened internodes
abnormal roots
leaves thick
oldest leaves drop first

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13
Q

zinc deficiency

A

interveinal chlorosis to rapidly emerging necrotic spots
shortened internodes
abnormal roots
leaves thick
oldest leaves drop first

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14
Q

biotic stress pattern

A

non uniform
damage spread over time
signs are visible

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15
Q

abiotic stress pattern

A

uniform
damage doesn’t spread
signs not visible

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16
Q

parenchyma

A

all tissues
can transform into any other cells
living at maturity
thin cell walls
active in photosynthesis
regrowth of limbs`

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17
Q

collenchyma

A

ground tissue
structural rigidity
living at maturity
cellery strands
under epidermal layer
supports vascular tissues

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18
Q

sclerenchyma

A

in most tissues
dead at maturity
thick 2 layered cell
structural support (fibrous)
seed coats

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19
Q

xylem

A

distributes water
dissolves minerals
goes up plant

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20
Q

phloem

A

carries food down into leaves and roots
(sugars)

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21
Q

epidermis

A

primary growth

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22
Q

periderm

A

secondary growth

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23
Q

ground tissues

A

photosynthesis
storage
structure
filler btwn tissues w specific functions

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24
Q

monocot

A

1 cotyledon
parallel veination
scattered vascular tissue
fibrous roots
parts develop in multiples of 3

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25
dicot
2 cotyledons branched veination ringed vascular tissue taproot parts develop in multiples of 4-5
26
photosynthesis equation
6 co2 + 6 h2o + light = c6h1206 +6o2
27
respiration equation
c6h12o6 + 6o2 = 6co2 + 6h2o + energy
28
long day plants
flowers initiated when increases to some maximum (i.e hibiscus >12 hrs)
29
short day plants
flowers initiated when decreases to some minimum (i.e. pointsettia <12.5hrs)
30
ABA (Abscisic Acid) Application
growth inhibition: ABA decreases as dormancy is broken stomatal regulation: reduce water loss
31
Ethylene Application
fruit ripening leaf and flower senescence de greening citrus fruits sex expression leaf/fruit abscission
32
Citokinens Application
cell division tissue differentiation delay of senescence promotion of lateral bud development
33
Gibberellins Application
stem elongation seed germination promoting male flowers increasing fruit size (seedless grapes) delaying fruit maturity inducing bolting
34
Auxins Application
apical dominance phototropisms production of ethylene root initiation preventing pre harvest fruit fruit thinning weed control tissue culture
35
soil properties
texture drainage capacity ph nutrients organic matter pore space bulk density EC contaminants
36
primary macronutrients
N P K
37
secondary macronutrients
Ca Mg S
38
micronutrients
Al B Cl Co Cu Fe Mo Mn N Zn
39
corrective measures for plant issues
fertilizing liming adding organic material neutralizing water correction drainage
40
mulching benefits
maintains soil moisture soil organisms compaction prevention erosion prevention aeration in clay soils water capacity in sandy soil suppress weeds
41
3 main concepts of 'right plant right place'
soil/environment intended function on landscape plant characteristics
42
reasons for pruning
health/vigour control growth flower fruit dead diseased damaged (ddd) aesthetic
43
factors that affect pruning
plant form function age location timing severe pruning alternatives
44
examples of plant form
columnar conical/upright irregular/open/spreading oval pyramidal round vase weeping
45
examples of growth habits
arching ascending climbing decumbent decurrent erect excurrent fastigiate procumbent rhizomatous scandent stoloniferous weeping
46
functional pruning
structural (thinning/heading) branches touching buildings hedges pollarding/coppicing plants on walkways (blocking) enhancing views
47
location pruning
reduces elongation of internodes increases leaf thickness reduces leaf size promotes production of chlorophyll promotes development of reproductive tissue
48
timed pruning
dormancy flower period growth response wind/frost damage scorch
49
GO TO PRUNING FLASH CARDS
GO TO PRUNING FLASH CARDS
50
group 1 plants
plants that do not regularly produce replacement growth from the base
51
group 2 plants
plants that produce flowers from previous years growth
52
group 3 plants
plants that produce flowering spurs on old wood
53
group 4 plants
plants that produce flowers on current season growth
54
group 5 plants
deciduous shrubs grown for decorative stem/foliage
55
group 6 plants
evergreen shrubs grown primarly for foliage effect
56
perfect/complete flower
4 whorls present
57
imperfect-incomplete flower
staminate (abesent pistil) or pistillate (absent stamen) flower
58
perfect-incomplete flower
petals absent
59
bulb
underground storage organ consisting of a shortened, vertical stem with modified leaves
60
corm
thickened, vertical, underground stem, swollen stems w/ few or no leaves
61
rhizome
horizontal, elongated, underground stem that stores food (thick and fleshy)
62
tuber
thickened, underground stem that has buds/eyes
63
asteraceae characteristics
herbaceous/rarely woody opposite/alternate arrangements condensed flattened flower head (rudbeckia, echinacea, helianthus)
64
caryophyllaceae characteristics
annual/perennial opposite untoothed leaves redially symmetrical flowers (dianthus, cerastium)
65
ericaceae characteristics
shrubs/trees/herbs corolla tube flowers spirally arranged leaves (erica, rhodo, vaccinium)
66
lamiaceae characteristics
herbs/shrubs square stems two lipped flowers (lavandula, salvia, rosmarinus)
67
liliaceae characteristics
herbaceous monocots bulbs/rhizomes (lily, frittilaria, erythronium)
68
ranunculaceae characteristics
herbaceous/woody seperate sepals/petals toothed leaves (ranunculus, anemone, aquilegia, delphinium, clematis)
69
sepals
outermost whorl of flower parts located at base (encases bud)
70
calyx
collective term for sepals
71
petals
whorl of flower parts interior to calyx (colourful)
72
corolla
collective term for petals
73
tepals
petals and sepals that look the same
74
bract
leaf like organ that subtends the inflorescence
75
polypetalous
petals not fused
76
gamopetalous
fused petals
77
stamen
male pollen bearing organ (the whole)
78
filament
stem of the stamen
79
anther
the pollen sac at the end of the filament (anther=antler)
80
pistil
female organ of the flower (seedbearing)
81
stigma
pollen receptive surface
82
style
the elongated portion of the pistil (btwn stigma and ovaru)
83
ovary
contains ovules to be fertilized, becoming seeds
84
dioecious
male and female parts on seperate plants (i.e. ginkgo, poplar, kiwi)
85
monoecious
male and female parts on same plant (corn, pine, birch)
86
6 steps of IPM
prevention identification monitering thresholds treatments evaluation
87
loam
sticky gritty
88
clay loam
easily rolls into a ball, gritty
89
sandy clay
easily rolls into ball, shiny when rubbed, gritty
90
clay
easily rolls into ball, shiny when rubbed, not gritty
91
sand
doesnt roll into ball, gritty
92
loamy sand
rolls into a ball but falls apart
93
silty loam
slippy/sticky

SKILLED TRADES EXAM (5 decks)

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