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Fine Arts Pentathlon 23-24 > Section IV: Art, Technology, and the Advent of Global Trade > Flashcards

Section IV: Art, Technology, and the Advent of Global Trade Flashcards

1
Q

Where were compasses invented?

A

China

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2
Q

What method of navigation did compasses replace?

A

astronomical methods

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3
Q

What time period did the compass ignite?

A

the Age of Discovery

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4
Q

What was the Age of Discovery?

A

a time when almost every European major power sent explorers to claim new lands

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5
Q

When was the Age of Discovery?

A

1492 to 1565

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6
Q

Venetian glass required imported materials from which countries?

A

Syria and Egypt

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7
Q

Where was lapis lazuli found?

A

Afghanistan

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8
Q

Which group of people were the earliest printers?

A

the Sumerians

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9
Q

Which people invented paper and when?

A

the Chinese, second-century

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10
Q

Who wrote Nung Shu?

A

Wang Chen

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11
Q

What was the world’s first mass-produced book?

A

Nung Shu

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12
Q

How many Guttenburg presses were in Germany by 1500?

A

over a thousand

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13
Q

In 1600, how many books had the Guttenburg presses in Europe made?

A

over 200 million

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14
Q

What is a matrix?

A

a technique that was made to make multiple copies of the same picture from a slab of wood or metal

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15
Q

What is a woodcut?

A

a design carved into a wood block with chisels, gouges, or knives

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16
Q

What is the earliest method of printmaking?

A

woodblock prints or woodcuts

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17
Q

What is a burin?

A

a steel shaft with a diamond shaped tip use to engrave

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18
Q

Who made Melencolia I?

A

Albrecht Durer

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19
Q

When was Melenolia I made?

A

1514

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20
Q

Where was Durer born?

A

the Franconian city of Nuremberg

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21
Q

Which people helped Durer market his art?

A

his wife, mother, and his agent

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22
Q

When did Durer file his first artistic copyright?

A

1506

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23
Q

What is Melencolia I?

A

a spiritual self-portrait of Durer

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24
Q

What is stipple engraving?

A

designs made by small dots engraved on the metal surface of the matrix

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25
Q

Who made The Annunciation?

A

Fra Filippo Lippi

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26
Q

When was The Annunciation made?

A

1450-1453

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27
Q

What is a lunette?

A

a semi-circular wood panel

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28
Q

The Annunciation depicts which figure?

A

the Virgin Mary

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29
Q

Who made Judith and Her Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes?

A

Artemisia Gentileschi

30
Q

When was the Judith painting made?

A

1623-1625

31
Q

Where had the artistic center of Europe moved from and to?

A

it moved from Florence to Rome

32
Q

What artistic style is mostly associated with the 17th century?

A

the Baroque

33
Q

What language and word does Baroque come from?

A

it comes from the Portuguese word barroco

34
Q

What does barroco mean?

A

irregular pearl

35
Q

Who trained Gentileschi to be an artist when she was young?

A

her artistic father

36
Q

What was special about Gentileschi’s paintings?

A

They looked extremely realistic

37
Q
A
38
Q

Where did the characters Judith and Holfernes from the painting Judith and Her Maidservant… come from?

A

the Bible’s Old Testament

39
Q

What is tenebrism?

A

a strong use of contrasting light and dark in a painting

40
Q

Who was Gentileschi r***ed by who she was young?

A

her art teacher Agostino Tassi

41
Q

What happened to Tassi after he r***ed Gentileschi?

A

there was a public trial and he was found guilty, his punishment was being banished from Rome

42
Q

After bronze, what is the oldest manmade material?

A

glass

43
Q

Where is cristallo glass made?

A

Venice, Italy

44
Q
A
45
Q

What is “rock crystal” in Italian?

A

rocca di cristallo

46
Q

At the dawn of the Renaissance, what was one of the richest states in Italy?

A

Venice

47
Q

What other areas had relations with Venice and traded with them a lot?

A

Persia and the Byzantine Empire

48
Q

Who discovered the process for making cristallo?

A

Angelo Barovier

49
Q

When was the process for making cristallo discovered?

A

around 1450

50
Q

What was glass like before the invention of cristallo glass?

A

glass was typically thick with a yellow or greenish color

51
Q

Where was glassmaking restricted to starting in 1291?

A

glass could only have been made on the Island of Murano because of laws restricting it from being made anywhere else

52
Q

What were the 4 ingredients of making cristallo glass?

A

a former, flux, stabilizer, and decolorizer

53
Q
A
54
Q

What is silica?

A

a hard, unreactive, colorless compound that occurs as the mineral quartz

55
Q
A
56
Q

Where was silica imported from?

A

the Ticino and Adige Rivers of mainland Italy

57
Q

What was the flux for?

A

lowering the melting point of the silica

58
Q

What was flux found as?

A

a special ash plan called allume catina

59
Q

What countries were flux imported from?

A

Syria and Egypt

60
Q

When did Venice start importing flux?

A

1285

61
Q

What were the ingredients most likely used in the stabilizers?

A

alumina, lime, and magnesia

62
Q

What was the compound used for the decolorizer?

A

manganese dioxide

63
Q

Where was the decolorizer collected from?

A

the Piemonte region of Italy

64
Q

How far was the Piemonte region of Italy from Venice?

A

250 miles

65
Q

Which royal family wanted the Behaim Beaker to be made?

A

the Behaim family of Nuremburg, Germany

66
Q

Approximately when was the Behaim Beaker made?

A

1495

67
Q

Why was the Behaim Beaker made?

A

it was made to celebrate the marriage of Michael IV Behaim and Katharina Locherin

68
Q

When were Behaim and Locherin married?

A

June 7, 1495

69
Q

How far did the custom-made Behaim Beaker travel to reach Nuremburg?

A

over 375 miles

70
Q

In the Benin Plaque with Oba, what was the head-to-body ratio?

A

1:4

71
Q

What is high relief?

A

forms on the higher end of the surface of an artwork

72
Q

What is low relief?

A

forms on the lower end of the surface of an artwork

Fine Arts Pentathlon 23-24 (6 decks)

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