Section One - Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards by emma chamberlain

Where are striated muscles located?
a. stomach wall and uterus
b. urinary bladder and intestine
c. ciliary body of the eye
d. heart and skeletal muscles

d. heart and skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Systemic circulation is under:
a. high pressure
b. low pressure
c. partial pressure
d. equilibrium

a. high pressure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A pregnant mare has what kind of placentation?
a. zonary
b. cotyledonary
c. diffuse
d. discoid

c. diffuse

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The pressure in the systemic arteries during ventricular contraction is:
a. diastolic blood pressure
b. osmotic pressure
c. systolic blood pressure
d. low pressure

c. systolic blood pressure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What hormone contracts the female reproductive tract to help move spermatozoa into the oviducts?
a. estrogen
b. progesterone
c. prolactin
d. oxytocin

d. oxytocin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cardiac muscle is considered a:
a. nonstriated involuntary muscle
b. striated involuntary muscle
c. nonstriated voluntary muscle
d. striated voluntary muscle

b. striated involuntary muscle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In what order does the impulse of depolarization travel through the heart?
a. AV node, SA node, bundle of HIS, Purkinje fibers
b. SA node, AV node, bundle of HIS, Purkinje fibers
c. SA node, AV node, Purkinje fibers, bundle of HIS
d. AV node, SA node, Purkinje fibers, bundle of HIS

b. SA node, AV node, bundle of HIS, Purkinje fibers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A pregnant queen has what kind of placentation?
a. zonary
b. cotyledonary
c. diffuse
d. discoid

a. zonary

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The control of colour changes in the pigment cells of reptiles, fish, and amphibians is associated with which hormone?
a. FSH
b. LH
c. MSH
d. TSH

c. MSH

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The wave on an electrocardiogram that is associated with the atrial wall depolarization is the:
a. PR interval
b. T wave
c. QRS complex
d. P wave

d. P wave

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The SA node is located in which wall chamber?
a. left atrium
b. left ventricle
c. right atrium
d. right ventricle

c. right atrium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The muscular sphincter located between the stomach and the duodenum is the:
a. pylorus
b. cardia
c. chyme
d. rugae

a. pylorus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The type of cell responsible for the transmission of impulses through the nervous system is the:
a. Neuroglia
b. Schwann
c. Neuron
d. Oligodendrocyte

c. Neuron

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dogs demonstrate what type of estrous cycle?
a. Polyestrous
b. Seasonally polyestrous
c. Diestrous
d. Monoestrous

c. Diestrous

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What system is anatomically composed of the brain and spinal cord?
a. Central nervous system
b. Peripheral nervous system
c. Parasympathetic nervous system
d. Sympathetic nervous system

a. Central nervous system

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Functions that an animal does not have to consciously control, such as peristalsis in the intestine, are influenced by the:
a. Somatic nervous system
b. Central nervous system
c. Peripheral nervous system
d. Autonomic nervous system

d. Autonomic nervous system

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The cranial nerves and the spinal nerves are anatomically part of what system?
a. Central nervous system
b. Peripheral nervous system
c. Parasympathetic nervous system
d. Sympathetic nervous system

b. Peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sensory nerves are considered:
a. Efferent motor nerves
b. Motor nerves
c. Efferent nerves
d. Afferent nerves

d. Afferent nerves

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When a stimulus is strong enough to cause complete depolarization, it has reached:
a. Threshold
b. Repolarization
c. Refractory period
d. Action period

a. Threshold

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What happens within the neuron that allows local anesthetic to be effective?
a. Potassium gates open
b. The charge within the cell becomes positive
c. The charge within the cell becomes negative
d. Sodium channels become blocked

d. Sodium channels become blocked

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Smooth muscles can be found in the:
a. Heart
b. Stomach
c. Pelvic limb
d. Diaphragm

b. Stomach

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which muscle cells have single nuclei?
a. Skeletal and cardiac
b Skeletal and smooth
c. Smooth and cardiac
d. Skeletal only

c. Smooth and cardiac

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cattle and swine display what type of estrous cycle?
a. Polyestrous
b. Seasonally polyestrous
c. Diestrous
d. Monoestrous

a. Polyestrous

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What species is an induced ovulator?
a. Bovine
b. Equine
c. Canine
d. Feline

d. Feline

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In what stage of the estrous cycle does the corpus luteum develop? a. Proestrus b. Estrus c. Metestrus d. Diestrous

c. Metestrus

Which reaction is the result of sympathetic nervous system stimulation? a. Decreased heart rate b. Dilated pupils c. Increased GI activity d. Increased salivation

b. Dilated pupils

The hormone produced by a developing ovarian follicle is: a. Estrogen b. Progesterone c. Prolactin d. Oxytocin

a. Estrogen

To achieve normal pregnancy, the blastocyst attaches to what structure? a. Endometrium b. Placenta c. Oviduct d. Cervix

a. Endometrium

Giving birth is known as: a. Parturition b. Gestation c. Lactation d. Estrous

a. Parturition

From the estrous cycle to parturition, in what order are the following hormones released? a. Estrogen, oxytocin, progesterone b. Oxytocin, estrogen, progesterone c. Estrogen, progesterone, oxytocin d. Progesterone, estrogen, oxytocin

c. Estrogen, progesterone, oxytocin

All of the following are types of chorion attachments except: a. Diffuse b. Cotyledonary c. Zonary d. Polycyton

a. Diffuse

A pregnant bitch has what kind of placentation? a. Zonary b. Cotyledonary c. Diffuse d. Discoid

a. Zonary

The canine uterus is shaped like what letter a. U b. Y c. J d. V

b. Y

How many mammary glands are typically found on a bitch? a. 8-12 b. 12-14 c. 4-6 d. 10-16

a. 8-12

Which reaction is the result of parasympathetic nervous system stimulation? a. Bronchodilation b. Pupil dilation c. Decreased GI motility d. Decreased heart rate

d. Decreased GI motility

The neurotransmitter that is most responsible for the "fight or flight" reaction is: a. Epinephrine b. Acetylcholine c. Dopamine d. Serotonin

a. Epinephrine

In the healthy heart, the heartbeat is initiated by the: a. SA node b. Purkinje fibers c. Vagus nerve d. AV node

a. SA node

On an ECG, the T wave is most closely associated with: a. Atrial depolarization b. Atrial repolarization c. Ventricular depolarization d. Ventricular repolarization

d. Ventricular repolarization

On inspiration, the pressure in the thoracic cavity, as compared with ambient air pressure, is: a. Negative b. Positive c. Same as the ambient air pressure d. Fluctuating

a. Negative

In the healthy awake cat, the primary stimulus within blood for respiration is: a. Increased CO2 b. Decreased CO2 c. Increased lactic acid d. Increased K+

a. Increased CO2

An increased packed cell volume could be indicative of: a. Liver diseased b. Anemia c. Leukocytosis d. Dehydration

d. Dehydration

Apnea will cause: a. Metabolic acidosis b. Metabolic alkalosis c. Respiratory acidosis d. Respiratory alkalosis

c. Respiratory acidosis

Which of the following nutrients can be used for gluconeogenesis? a. Long-chain fatty acids b. Amino acids c. Vitamin C d. Iron

b. Amino acids

Cataracts result from a problem with the transparency of the: a. Cornea b. Vitreous humor c. Lens d. Aqueous humor

c. Lens

Within the eye, the choroid is located between which two structures? a. Sclera and retina b. Iris and pupil c. Lens and cornea d. Optic nerve and fovea centralis

a. Sclera and retina

Which of the following is considered to be a category of lipids? a. Neutral fats b. Steroids c. Phospholipids d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following processes is not a function of insulin? a. Increased glucose transport into muscle b. Lipogenesis c. Fatty acid synthesis d. Increased blood pressure

d. Increased blood pressure

Which endocrine cells of the pancreatic islets produce the hormone glucagon? a. Alpha cells b. Beta cells c. Delta cells d. Somatostatin

a. Alpha cells

Long-term use of glucocorticoids will: a. Increase lymphocyte production b. Increase plasma protein cells c. Suppress the immune system d. Decrease blood glucose levels

c. Suppress the immune system

Nociceptors are important for directing: a. Color b. Warmth c. Lactic acid d. Pain

d. Pain

The sensation of hunger falls under which general sense? a. Tactile sensation b. Pain sensation c. Proprioception d. Visceral sensation

d. Visceral sensation

The vagus nerve is cranial nerve _____: a. X b. XII c. V d. VI

a. X

The cranial nerves originate from the: a. Cerebellum b. Spinal cord c. Brainstem d. Cerebrum

C. Brainstem

Glaucoma is: a. Decreased pressure in the posterior chamber of the eye b. Increased pressure in the posterior chamber of the eye c. Increased pressure in the anterior chamber of the eye d. Decreased pressure in the anterior chamber of the eye

c. Increased pressure in the anterior chamber of the eye

Aqueous humor is formed in which chamber of the eye? a. Posterior chamber b. Anterior chamber c. Canal of Schlemm d. Cornea

a. Posterior chamber

Clients should be cautioned against sticking Q-tips in the ears of their pets because they could rupture the: a. Oval window b. Round window c. Cochlea d. Tympanic membrane

d. Tympanic membrane

Which condition would be typical of hypothyroidism? a. Decreased water consumption b. Oily hair coat c. Very active d. Weight gain

d. Weight gain

In dairy cattle, the teats and udder are gently washed before milking to stimulate the release of one of the following, to stimulate milk letdown: a. Adrenalin b. Norepinephrine c. Dopamine d. Oxytocin

d. Oxytocin

Which hormone helps to trigger and maintain lactation? a. FSH b. Prolactin c. LH d. TSH

b. Prolactin

Lymph nodes that are found medial to the caudal part of the jaw are the: a. Popliteal nodes b. Inguinal nodes c. Mandibular nodes d. Prescapular nodes

c. Mandibular nodes

A pregnant rodent has what kind of placentation? a. Zonary b. Cotyledonary c. Diffuse d. Discoid

d. Discoid

The neuohypophysis is an anatomic section of which of the following? a. Hypothalamus b. Adrenal gland c. Pancreas

a. Hypothalamus

The portal vein: a. Carries blood from the spleen to the heart b. Delivers blood to the liver c. Delivers blood to the kidney d. Carries blood from the lungs to the heart

b. Delivers blood to the liver

To proceed from a point between the eyes to the tip of a dog's nose, you would move: a. Rostrally b. Cranially c. Caudally d. Laterally

a. Rostrally

Typically, what percentage of an animals body weight consists of blood? a. 0.1% b. 1% c. 8% d. 30%

c. 8%

A dog that weighs 10kg would have approximately how much blood? a. 50 ml b. 800 ml. c. 1.5 L d. 2 L

b. 800 ml

Which of the following dissections could be made without cutting through a bone-to-bone joint? a. Forelimb of the body b. Hind limb of the body c. Head from the neck d. Tail from the body

a. Forelimb of the body

If you were to grasp your hands behind your head at the base of your skull, your hands would be over which bone of the skull? a. Occipital b. Frontal c. Temporal d. Parietal

a. Occipital

The glucose absorbed from the GI tract may be stored in the liver as glycogen through a process known as? a. Glycogenesis b. Gluconeogenesis c. Glycogenolysis d. Fatty acid synthesis

a. Glycogenesis

The process of voice production usually begins in which location? a. Pharynx b. Larynx c. Thorax d. Trachea

b. Larynx

Essential nutrients can be divided into how many categories? a. 3 b. 4 c. 6 d. 10

c. 6

Efferent nerves carry nerve impulses: a. To the body from the central nervous system b. To the body from the spinal cord c. From the body to the central nervous system d. From one part of a limb to another part of the same limb

c. From the body to the central nervous system

The name for the bile acid-lipid units that carry fat within the gut is: a. LPL b. Micelles c. VLDL d. Chylomicrons

b. Micelles

Which type of RNA copies the information in the DNA? a. Messenger RNA b. Ribosomal RNA c. Copy RNA d. Transfer RNA

d. Transfer RNA

Bile acids are important in the digestion of: a. Carbohydrates b. Electrolytes c. Fats d. Proteins

c. Fats

Which of the following lowers blood glucose? a. Insulin b. Glucagon c. Epinephrine d. Glucocorticoids

a. Insulin

Which system is considered to be the largest and most extensive system in the body? a. Integument b. Cardiovascular c. Digestive d. Central nervous system

a. Integument

Different nitrogen bases are found in both DNA and RNA nucleotides. Which nucleotide is only found in DNA? a. Adenine (A) b. Cytosine (C) c. Guanine (G) d. Thymine (T)

d. Thymine (T)

The P wave component of a QRS complex usually corresponds to: a. Atrial contraction b. Ventricular contraction c. Atrial relaxation d. Electrical conduction in Purkinje Fibers

a. Atrial contraction

The islets of Langerhans are found in the: a. Spleen b. Pancreas c. Liver d. Kidney

b. Pancreas

Which of the following is the basic functional unit of the kidney? a. Nephron b. Calyces c. Hilus d. Medulla

a. Nephron

The kidneys are located in which cavity? a. Peritoneal cavity b. Pelvic cavity c. Retroperitoneal cavity d. Abdominal cavity

c. Retroperitoneal cavity

Which circulatory system is under the highest pressure? a. Pulmonary b. Coronary c. Systemic d. Capillaries

c. Systemic

Fat in the lymph would most likely be associated with: a. Micelles b. Chylomicrons c. VLDL cholesterol d. LDL cholesterol

b. Chylomicrons

The mesovarium ligament supports which organ? a. Testicles b. Ovaries c. Oviduct d. Uterus

b. Ovaries

Milk fever in dairy cows is typically treated with: a. IV glucose b. IV calcium c. Atropine d. Antibiotics

b. IV calcium

For an animal that had lost RBCs to a moderate hookworm infection, one would expect to the capillary refill time to be: a. less than 2 seconds b. greater than 4 seconds c. greater than 2 minutes d. greater than 4 minutes

a. less than 2 seconds

What is called the "knee" in the forelimb of a horse would be called the ______ in a human. a. hip joint b. wrist joint c. finger joint d. knee joint

b. wrist joint

A pulse taken from the inguinal area of a dog would be from the: a. femoral artery b. axillary artery c. popliteal artery d. saphenous artery

a. femoral artery

The linea alba on a standing cat is _________ the spinal cord. a. Ventral b. dorsal c. medial d. contralateral

a. ventral

Arteries have relatively thick walls, are composed of three layers. Which layer is the outermost layer? a. Tunica intima b. Tunica adventitia c. Tunica media d. Arteries only have one layer

b. Tunica adventitia

Yellow mucus membranes would suggest: a. renal disease b. hepatic dehydration c. shock d. dehydration

b. hepatic dehydration

A capillary refill time of 2 seconds would suggest which of the following. a. Shock b. Anemia c. A healthy animal d. Dehydration

c. a healthy animal

What is the name for the large, flat projection location lateral to the head of the femur? a. Hip joint b. Stifle point c. Tarsal joint d. Tubercle `

b. Stifle joint

The femur articulates distally with the tibia, forming the: a. Hip joint b. Stifle joint c. Tarsal joint d. Shoulder joint

b. Stifle joint

What is the term for a part closer to a point of attachment or to the trunk? a. Distal b. Lateral c. Proximal d. Superficial

c. Proximal

In growing bone, where does lengthening take place? a. Epiphyseal plate b. Metaphysis c. Diaphysis d. Periosteal plane

a. Epiphyseal plate

What layer of bone tissue s necessary for the attachment of ligaments to tendons? a. Periosteum b. Endosteum c. Cartilage d. Meniscus

a. Periosteum

The fibrous covering around part of the bone NOT covered by articular cartilage is: a. Endosteum b. Ligament c. Tendon d. Periosteum

d. Periosteum

What two valves comprise the atrioventricular valves? a. Mitral valve, pulmonic valve b. Aortic valve, pulmonic valve c. Mitral valve, tricuspid valve d. Pulmonic valve, tricuspid valve

c. Mitral & tricuspid

What two valves comprise the semilunar valves? a. Mitral valve, pulmonic valve b. Pulmonic valve, aortic valve c. Mitral valve, tricuspid valve d. Pulmonic valve, tricuspid valve

b. Pulmonic & aortic

The normal dentition pattern for an adult cat is: a. Incisor 3/3, Canine 1/1, Premolar 3/2, Molar 1/1 b. Incisor 3/3. Canine 1/1 Premolar 4/3, Molar 2/2 c. Incisor 2/2, Canine 1/1, Premolar 3/2. Molar 2/1 d. Incisor 2/2, Canine 1/1, Premolar 4/4, Molar 1/1

a. Incisor 3/3, Canine 1/1, Premolar 3/2, Molar 1/1

In the avian species the ventral wall of the esophagus is greatly expanded to form the: a. Proventriculus b. Crop c. Gizzard d. Duodenum

b. Crop

What is the average number of air sacs that a bird has? a. 4 b. 6 c. 8 d. 9

d. 9

In birds, the cloaca is: a. An appendage suspended form the head b. A blind sac at the distal end of the duodenum c. A cleft in the hard palate d. A common passage for the fecal, urinary, and reproductive system

d. A common passage for the fecal, urinary, and reproductive system

Section One - Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

(106 cards)