Section One Exam Flashcards by Grant Gentry

Select one

Which of the following would most likely facilitate accurate and effective verbal handoff report at the hospital?
- Providing the handoff report only to a physician
- Use of mutually agreed-upon handoff format
- Brief pause in care to provide the verbal support
- Clearly identifying your EMS certification level

Use mutually agreed-upon handoff format

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Fill-in-the -blank

The mattress on a stretcher must be ____ ____ so that it does not absorb any type of potentially infectious material, including water, blood, or other bodily fluids.

Fluid resistant

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Fill-in-the -blank

The safest and most powerful way to lift, lifting by extending the properly placed flexed legs, is called a(n) _______ _______.

Power lift

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Red blood cells contain ____, a protein responsible for carrying oxygen.

Hemoglobin

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Transverse (axial) Plane

Divides the body horizontally into top and bottom sections

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The ____ nervous system controls those functions that occur automatically.

Autonomic nervous system

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The body’s backup system of respiratory control, which is based on low concentrations of oxygen in the blood, is called the:
Select one:

A. oxyhemoglobin drive.
B. hypoxic drive.
C. hypocarbic drive.
D. pneumotaxic drive.

Hypoxic drive

Pg.205

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What is the portion of the respritory system that has little or no aveoli called?

Dead Space

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The time between contractions when the ventricle is relaxed and refilling with blood is called what?

Diastole

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Select one

At what age can an infant normally stary tracking objects with his or her eyes and recognize familiar faces?
- 7 months
- 2 months
- 4 months
- 10 months

2 months

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The three bones that make up the shoulder girdle are the:
Select one:

A. clavicle, scapula, and humerus.
B. acromion, clavicle, and scapula.
C. acromion, scapula, and humerus.
D. acromion, humerus, and clavicle.

Clavicle, Scapula, and humerus

pg.195

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Select one

Emts and other health care providers function as a true team when they work:
- Interdependently
- Independently
- Dependently
- Under standing orders

Interdependently

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Select one

If the weight you are pushing is lower than your waist, you should push from:
A. The waist
B. A kneeling position
C. The shoulder
D. A squatting position

B. A kneeling position

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The esophagus extends from the end of the _ to the _ and lies just anterior of the spinal colomn.

From the end of the pharynx to the stomach.

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What is the name of the fifth section (Last 4 vertebrae) in the spinal column?

Coccyx

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Located under the cerebrum is the what?

Cerebellum

Controls balance, muscle coordination, and posture)

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True or false

The rapid extrication technique os teh preferred technique to use on all sitting patients withe possible spinal injuries.

False

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True or false

The flexible stretcher is useful for moving patients through confined spaces

True

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Select one

When encountering a person with depressed fontanelles, you should suspect:
- Respritory distress
- Dehydration
- Atherosclerosis
- Nephrosis

Dehydration

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Select one

When pulling a patient, you should do which of the following:
A. Extend your arms no more than about 15 to 20 inches
B. Stagger your feet so that the force of pull will be distributed toward your dominant hand
C. Move both yourself and the patient simultaniously
D. Pull the patient in rapid bursts of movement

A. Extend your arms no more than about 15 to 20 inches

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True or false

When carrying a patient down stairs or on an incline, make sure the stretcher is carried with the head end first.

False

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The decline in cardiac function that commonly occurs in late adulthood is the most often related to:
Select one:
- Medication use.
- Hypotension
- Kidney failure
- Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis

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What is the pulse rate, respirations, systolic blood pressure, and temperature of a school age patient.

Pulse rate: 70 to 120 Beats per min
Respirations: 15 to 20 Breaths per min
Systolic blood pressure: 80 to 110 mmHg
Temperature: 98.6 degrees fahrenheit

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What is the age range for a toddler

One to three years

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# Select one Clingy behavior and the fear of unfamiliar people or places are normal among 10 to 18 months-old children and are commonly caused by ____ anxiety. - Bonding - Seperation - Avoidant - Mistrust

Seperation anxiety

# Select one Empty nest syndrome is typically seen in which stage of life? - Middle adulthood - Adolescence - Late adulthood - Early adulthood

Middle adulthood

Frontal (Lateral) Plane

Runs vertically through the body and divides it into front and back sections

# Select one Which of the following would the paramedic be least likely to ask the EMT to do? - Apply a tourniquet - Assess blood glucose - Intubate a patient - Obtain vital signs

Intubate a patient

What is the age range for school age

Six to 12 years

At the inferior end of the femur is a joint with a specialized bone on the anterior side called the?

Patella (Kneecap)

# Short answer List the five guidelines for carrying a patient on a stretcher.

1. Estimate the weight of both of the patient and the associated equipment to be lifted and guage the limitations of the teams ability. 2. Coordinate your movements with those of the other team members while constantly communicating with them. 3. Do not twist your body as you are carrying the patient. 4. Keep the weight that you are carrying as close to your body as possible while keeping your back in a locked-in position. 5. Always keep your back in a straight, upright position and lift without twisting.

What type of blood surrounds the alveoli? A. Veins B. Capillaries C. Arterioles D.Arteries

Capillaries

The state of the blood vessels-how dialated or constricted they are- is reffered to as?

Systematic Vascular resistance (SRV)

# Select one Which comes first in EMS decision making? - Data interpretation - Data gathering - Team communication - Planning

Data Gathering

# Select one A backboard is a device that provides support to patient who you suspect have all of the following EXCEPT: A. Hip injuries B. Pelvic injuries C. Spinal injuries D. Symptoms of a heart attack

D. Symptoms of a heart attack

# Select one To be a great EMT, strive for: - Foundational knowledge - Management work - The chance to replace an EMR - Retraining

Foundational knowledge

# True or false One-person techniques for moving patients should be used only when immediate patient movement is neccessary due to life-threatening hazard and only one EMT is available.

True

The PACE mneumonic stands for:

Probe Alert Challenge Emergency

# Select one You suspect that a pregnant 16-year-old has a broken leg after she was hit by a car. You explain that you plan to splint her leg, and she agrees to treatment. Which of the following types of concent describes her agreement? - Informed - Implies - Expressed - Minors

Expressed

The ____ are special pressure sensors that are spread throughout the body to allow the brain to receive information about blood pressure.

Baroreceptors

Cartilage

Semirigid yet flexible tissue that covers and cushions the ends of the articulating bones

It is within the ____ that oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the lungs and the bloodstream.

Alveoli or Aveolar Sacks

Why do middle adults experiance financial concerns? Select one: - The majority of middle adults stilll have small children who live at home with them. - They are prepairing for retirement but muststill manage everyday financial demands. - Most people in the middle adult age group have chronic illnesses and cannot work. - They are typically recieving social security and must budget with a fixed income.

They are prepairing for retirement but must still manage everyday financial demands.

____ is the mount of blood moved in one beat.

Stroke Volume

What are the two projections on the sides of the femur that are used as anchor points for major muscles?

The Greater Trochanter (found proximal to the femoral head and on the lateral side) And The Lesser Trochanter (found on the medial side of the femur just inferior to the femoral neck)

Hemoglobin is a molecule that attaches to ___________ and carries oxygen. - monocytes - erythrocytes - thrombocytes - leukocytes

Erythrocytes | pg.214

How many lobes does each lung have?

The right lung has 3 lobes The left lung has 2 lobes | The righ lungs lobes are the upper, middle, and lower The left lung only

# Select one When log rolling a patient, you should do which of the following: A. Avoid kneeling too closely to the patients side B. Hyperextending the back to reach completely across the patient C. Refrain from using the belt loops or belt as a grab point D. Use your shoulder muscles to help with the roll

D. Use your shoulders to help with the roll

# Select one Diastolic blood pressure tends to ____ with age. - Decrease - Compensate - Increase - Decompensate

Increase

# Select one A(n)____ consists of a group of health care providers who are assignes with specific roles and are working interdependently in a coordinated manner under a designated leader. - Group - team - dependent group - independent group

team

Which of the following statements regarding toddlers and preschoolers is correct? - Toddlers and preschoolers commonly experiance upper respritory infections becasue of teh loss of passive immunity. - The normal respritory rate in toddlers and preschoolers is between 12 and 20 breaths/min. - Toddlers and preschoolers have well- developed lung musculature, even though they have less lung tissue. - Muscle mass and bone density decrease in toddlers and preschoolers becasue of increased physical activity.

Toddlers and preschoolers commonly experiance upper respritory infectinos becasue of the loss of passive immunity

What is the pulse rate, respirations, systolic blood pressure, and temperature of a middle adult.

Pulse rate: 60 to 100 Beats per min Respirations: 12 to 20 Breaths per min Systolic blood pressure: 90 to 130 mmHg Temperature: 98.6 degrees fahrenheit

# Fill-in-the -blank When you are rolling the wheeled ambulance stretcher, your back should be _____, straight, and untwisted.

Locked

Joining the left and right pubic bones is a cartilaginous articulation that limits the movement between these two bones called the what? A. Greater trochanter B. Acetabulum C. Pubic symphysis D. Pubis

Pubic symphysis

What covers the larynx during swallowing and lifts up to allow for air passage during breathing?

Epiglottis

Which of the following respritory processes require the active use of muscles? A. Exhalation B. Inhalation C. Gas exchange D. Bifurcation

Inhalation

What is the age range for an adolescent?

12 to 18 years

What is the age range for the older adult?

61 years and older

# Select one The C in PACE mneumonic stands for: - Choose - Communication - Challenge - Clear

Challenge

Signs of adequate breathing in the adult include all of the following, except: Select one: A. respirations of 18 breaths/min. B. a reduction in tidal volume. C. bilaterally clear breath sounds. D. rhythmic inhalation and exhalation.

Reduction in tidal volume | pg.206

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is a product of: Select one: A. stroke volume and systemic vascular resistance. B. heart rate and systemic vascular resistance. C. heart rate and stroke volume. D. cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance.

cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance. | pg.217

# Select one Which type of concent is involved when a 39-year-old, mentally competent female with a severe headache asks you to take her to the hospital? - Expressed - Formal - Informed - Implied

Expressed

# Select one The ________ is both the mechanical weight-bearing base of the spinal column and the fused central posterior section of the pelvic girdle. - Coccyx - Sacrum - Ischium - Thorax

Sacrum

# True or false It is unprofessional for you to discuss and plan a lift at the scene in front of the patient.

False

Significant blood loss results in reduced stroke volume (SV). To compensate, the body increases (HR) and systematic vascular resistance (SVR) to maintain what?

Mean Arterial Pressure | The mean arterial pressure indicates the average arterial pressure durin

Which of the following is the primary function of the stomach? A. Absorption of water from food products B. Production of bile C. Chemical breakdown of food by acidic secretions D. Absorption of nutrients into the blood stream

Chemical breakdown of food by acidic secretions

A patient has a large accumulation of blood in the sac surrounding the heart. Which of the following types of shock would this condition cause? Select one: A. Neurogenic B. Cardiogenic C. Obstructive D. Hypovolemic

Obstructive | Pg.239

The ____ is made up of the Maxilla and Zygoma as well as the frontal bone of the cranium.

Orbit

# Select one Which of the following is true regarding the lift and moving or geriatric patients? - They generally have no fear or anxiety when being transported. - Many will require additional padding or support to transport comfortably. - They tend to have more flexibility than younger patients - They have less risk of skin tears or bruising than younger patients

B. Many will rewuire additional padding or support to transport coimfortably

# Select one When conflicts arise amonth health care teams, you should remember all of the following EXCEPT: - That the patient comes first - To seperate the person from the issue - to choose your battles - It is acceptable to shout at other providers

It is acceptable to shout at other providers

What is the thyroid cartilage commonly known as?

Adams apple

# Select one The best way for a team to be effective during an emergency call is to practice with one another and become familiar with eachothers ________ and preferences. - Tools - Techniques - Capabilities - Tools, techniques, and capabilities

Tools, techniques, and capabilities

The Parietal pleura covers the _____.

Lining of the chest

List the three layers of the cutaneous membrane (skin) in order from superficial to deep.

Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue

# Select one Bariatrics is: - The branch of medicine concerned with the elderly. - The branch of medicine concerned with the obese - The branch of medicine concerned with infants - The method used to assess blood pressure

B. The branch of medicine concerned with the obese

# Select one Which of the following statements regarding the hepatitus B vaccine is correct? - The hepatitus B vaccine provides protection agains the disease for two years - Vaccination with the hepatitus B vaccine confers immunity against hepatitus A - OSHA requires that your employer offer you th evaccine free of charge - Vaccination against hapatitus B provides partial immunity for life

OSHA requires that your employer offer you the vaccine free of charge

Mental function often begins to decline within _ years before death.

5 years immediatly before death

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is used in energy metabolism and storage in conjunction with oxygen, this process is reffered to as what? and what are the waste products.

Aerobic metabolism and the waste products are carbon dioxide and water. | (meaning with air)

Ligaments

Fibrous tissues that help connect bone to bone helping to stabilize the joints

What major organs lie in the right upper quadrant (RUQ) of the abdomin?

Liver, gallbladder, and a portion of the colon ## Footnote **Also most of the liver lies in this quadrant under the 8th to 12th ribs***

# Select one For patient handoff, it is important for EMT's and hospital staff to use: - Shared training - Common goals - Common language - Mertric- sized tools

Common language

# True or false Bariatric stretchers are the same as standard ambulance stretchers except for the added lifting capacity.

False

# True or false Pneumatic stretchers qwew developed to decrease the risk for EMS provider back injuries

True

# Select one It is your responsibility to understand what is allowed by the ________ where you work. - Scope of practice - Standard of care - Local protocols - Scope of practice, standard of care, and local protocols

Scope of practice, standard of care, and local protocols

What is the name of the opening at the bottom of the skull that allows the spinal cord to connect with the brain?

Foramen Magnum

# Select one In lifting with the palm down the weight is supported by the ________ rather than the palm. A. Fingers B. Forearm C. Lower Back D. Wrist

A. Fingers

What two body systems are critical for the life support chain? A. Cardiopulmonary and digestive systems B. Respiratory and endocrine systems C. Cardiovascular and lymphatic systems D. Respiratory and cardiovascular systems

Respiratory and cardiovascular systems

The ____ takes up proportionally more space in a childs mouth than in an adults mouth

Tongue

# True or false If you find that lifting a patient is a strain, try to move the patient to the ambulance as quickly as possible to minimize the possibility of back injury.

False

# Select one In contrast to typical wheeled ambulance stretchers, features of a barriatric stretcher include: - Two safety rails on both sides of the stretcher. - A collapsible undercarriage. - Weight capacity of up to 650 lb. - Increased stability from a wider wheelbase.

Increased stability from a wider wheelbase.

# Fill-in-the -blank Be sure to pick up and carry the backboard with your back in the ____________ position.

Upright

# Select one Which part of the following is NOT an indication for use of the rapid extrication technique? A. The patient is in severe pain B. The patients condition cannot be properly assessed before being removed from the vehicle C. The patient blocks access to another seriously injured patient D. The vehicle or the scene is unsafe

A. The patient is in severe pain

What is the age range for a neonate?

Birth to one month

# Short answer List three guidelines for loading the stretcher into the ambulance

1. Make sure there are enough providers for sufficient lifting power. 2. Follow the manufactures directions for safe and proper use of the stretcher. 3. Make sure that all stretchers and patients are fully secured before you move the ambulance.

An infant or small childs airway can be occuled if it is overextended or overflexed because: - the tongue is proportionately small and can fall back into the throat. - The back of the head is flat, which prevents a neutral position. - The occiput is proportionately large, and the trachea is flexible. - He or she has a long neck, which makes the trachea prone to collapse.

The occipu is proportionately large, and the trachea is flexible.

Finally extending from the metacarpals are the what?

Phalanges

A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mmHg. The "130" in this measurement represents?

Ventricular Contraction or Systolic blood pressure

The ____ is the "potential space" between the inner lining of the chest cavity and the lungs.

Pleural Space

# Select one A(n) ________ consists of individual health care providers working independently to help the patient. - group - team - dependent group - independent group

Group

# Fill-in-the -blank The key rule of lifting is to always keep the back in a straight, ________ position and to lift without twisting.

Upright

# Fill-in-the -blank The _____ _____ may be especially helpful when the patient is in a very narrow space or when there is not enough room for the patient and a team of EMT's tp stand side by side.

Extremity lift

The __________ fills the entire anteroposterior depth of the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Select one: A. stomach B. spleen C. pancreas D. liver

Liver | Pg.228

What organs make up the digestive tract?

The gastrointestinal tract (stomach and intestines), mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, rectum, and anus.

Sagittal (lateral) Plane

Runs vertically but divides the body into left and right sides

which organ secretes insulin after a large meal?

Pancreas

Which of the following body systems primarily produces hormones? A. Cardiovascular B. Exocrine C. Gastrointestinal D. Endocrine

Endocrine

What are the two types of nerves in the peripheral nervous system

Sensory nerves and motor nerves

What is the function of the lymph nodes?

Filter lymph

What are the three parts of the brain stem?

Midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata

Which section of the sternum is directly inferior to the manubrium?

The sternal body

The peripheral nervous system is made up of what?

Nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord that link the CNS to various organs throughout the body

____ Gasps occur when the respritory center in the brain continues to send signals to the breathing muscles.

Agonal Gasps

# Select one Which step in EMS decision making comes after a patient has been transferred? - Data gathering - Team communication - Planning - Outcome evaluation

Outcome evaluation

An adult at rest who is breathing normally will have respirations from 12 to 20 breaths/min

12 to 20 breaths per min

# Select one When you use a body drag to move a patient: A. Your back should always be locked in a slight curve B. Twist so that the vertebrae can flex during the move C. Concider hyperextending to gain more leverage D. Drag the patient by the ankles

A. Your back should always be locked in a slight curve

The "fight-or-flight" response is activated by the: A. Endocrine system B. Sympathetic nervous system C. Renal system D. Parasympathetic nervous system

Sympathetic nervous system

# Select one Situations in which you should use an emergency move include all of the following EXCEPT: A. When fire, explosives, or hazardous materials are present B. When the patient feels like he or she might pass out C. When you are unable to gain access to others in a vehicle who need lifesaving care D. When you are unable to protect the patient from other hazards

B. When the patient feels like he or she might pass out

# Seelct one To avoid the strain of innecessary lifting and carrying, you should use _____ or assist an able patient to the stretcehr whenever possible. A. The direct ground lift B. The extremity lift C. The draw sheet method D. A scoop stretcher

C. the draw sheet method

What is the largest bone of the lower leg? A. Tibia B. Patella C. Fibula D. Femur

Tibia

What major organs lie in the left upper quadrant (LUQ) of the abdomin?

Stomach, spleen, portion of the colon.

# Select one In the ________ model, the health care is provided whithin the community rather than at a physicians office or hospital. - Fire-based EMS - Continuum of care - Mobile integrated health care - Team health care

Mobile integrated health care

The Femoral head articulates with what part of the pelvis?

Acetabulum

# Select one When working as an independent health group member, the EMT should expect that he or she: - Will recieve no support or guidance from an EMS supervisor - Does not have to wait for an assignmnet before preforming a task - Will rely on the group leader for making virtually all decisions - Will be specifically instructed on how to perform a specific task

Does not have to wait for an assignment before performing a task

What is the age range for an early adult?

19 to 40 years old

What is the V/Q ratio?

The V/Q ratio is the ventilation/perfusion ratio and it describes how much gas is effectively being moved to the lungs and how much blood is flowing around the alveoli. If either of the two variables is abnormal respritory compromise can occur.

A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is?

Heat

# Select one A team of EMTs is caring for a critically injured patient. The team leader advises the EMT that transport will not begin until the patients closed forearm fracture is splinted. Utilizing the crew resource management model, the EMT should: - Repeat the question back to the team leader and then splin the patients arm - Advise the team leader that immedieate transport is more important than splinting - Disregard the team leaders request and contact medical control for guidance - Ensure that the entire team is aware that transport will be delayed for splinting.

Advise the team leader that immediate transport is more important than splinting

# Select one Premature diagnosis during a call can be due to what error? - Anchoring - Streaming - Overconfidence - Bias

Anchoring

# True or false It is not important that you and yoiur team use the correct lifting technique to lift a stretcher.

False

# Fill-in-the -blank During a body drag where you and your partner are on each side of the patient, you will have to alter the unusual pulling technique to prevent pulling ________ and producing adverse lateral leverage against your lower back.

Sideways

The amount of blood moved in one minute is called ____.

Cardiac Output

# Select one The concept of consistent care across the entire health care team from first patient discharge is called: - The continuum of care - Patient care advocacy - The standard of care - The scope of practice

Continuum of care

Extending from the carpals are five bones called the?

Metacarpals (which form the palm of your hand)

# Select one: _____ safety depends on the use of proper lifting techniques and maintaining a proper hold when lifting or carrying apatient. 1. your 2. your teams 3. the patients 4. all of the above

4. All of the above

The two jobs of the pancreas is what?

Produce digestive enzymes to break down food in the small intestine (exocrine function) and secrete hormones like insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels (endocrine function).

# Select one Upon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you find a single patient still seated in his car. There are no hazards. As you approach the vehicle, you note that the patient is semiconscious and has a large laceration to his forehead. You should: - Apply a cervicle collar and quickly remove the patient with a clothes drag - Apply a vest-style extrication device before attempting to move the patient. - Direct your partner to apply manual in-line support of the patients head. - Slide a long backboard under his buttocks and lay him sideways on the board.

Direct your partner to apply manual in-line support of the patients head

What is the age range for an infant?

One month to one year

# Select one Which of the following is a nervous system change commonly found in older adults? - Increase in brain weight - Increase in peripheral nerve functioning - Less space for cerebral spinal fluid - Deterioration of nerve endings

Deterioration of nerve endings

# select one of the following Which of the following are central pulses? Select one: A. Temporal and pedal B. Brachial and radial C. Popliteal and ulnar D. Femoral and carotid

Femoral and Carotid | pg.213

If a patients chest barley moves during inhalation, even if the patients respritory rate is normal, you should suspect that _____ _____ is decreased.

Minute volume | Minute volume is another measurement used to assess ventilation, it is t

What is the age range for a middle adult?

41 to 60 years old

What are the five functions of the liver

1. Poisinous substances produced by digestion are brought to the liver to be rendered harmless. 2. Factors for flood clottiong and normal plasma production. 3. Production of bile to assist in the normal digestion of fat. 4. Primary orgen for the storage of sugar and starch for immediate use of the body. 5. Produces many factors that ain in the proper regualtion of immune responses.

# Fill-in-the -blank The manual suppor and immobilization that you provide when using the rapid extrication technique produce a greater risk of ______ ______.

Spine movement

# Select one When lifting a patient, proper technique involves which of the following? A. Leaning forward over the patient B. Avoid bending at the waist C. Holding the wait away from your body D. Keeping the legs and knees locked straight

B. Avoid bending at the waist

What is the purpose of the sebaceous gland?

The sebaceous (oil) gland secretes Sebum, an oily substance that seals the skin surface (stratum corneum) from water and to prevent the skin from drying and cracking.

What are the smaller airways that branch off of the bronchus into the lungs called?

Bronchioles

Which of the following statements regarding middle adults is correct? Select one: - Women in the middle adult age group typically experiance menopause in their late 50s or early 60s. - Increced cholesterol levels in the middle adult age group often do not respond to excersize and diet. - Significant impairments in hearing and visoin begin to occur in persons between the ages of 41 and 44 years. - Cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidenve of cancer.

Cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidence of cancer.

# True or false An isolette is used to transport neonatal patients.

True

# Select one EMT's arrive on scene of an ill person. The EMR, who arrived before the EMT's, advises that the patient had a syncopal episode. The patient is concious and alert and remains so throughout transport. When transferring patient care to the emergency department nurse, the EMt should advise the nurse that: - There is no evidence to support the syncopal episode - The patient had a reported syncopal episode - She should contact EMR about the incident - The EMR was probably mistaken about the episode

The patient had a reported syncopal episode

What kind of joints do the fingers, elbows and knees have?

Hinge Joints

# Select one ________ entails emergency health care providers recognizing that by working together as a unified team from the first patient contact to patient discharge, it is possible to improve individual and team performance, patient and provider safety, and ultimately, patient outcome. - Mobile integrated health care - Standard of care - Continuum of care - Community paramedicine

Continuum of care

# Select one What is the current estimated average life expectancy for humans? - 120 - 78 - 67 - 56

78 years of age

The ____ arteries supply blood to the head.

Carotid

# Select one Which of the following team leader actions is NOT required to safely lift and move a patient? A. Giving command of execution B. Indicating where each team member is to be located C. Giving an abreviated overview of the lifting and moving stages D. Completing all documentation prior to moving the patient

D. Completing all documentation prior to moving the patient

# Select one Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the use of a stair chair? A. Keep your back in a locked-in position B. Lean back to help distribute the weight C. Keep the patient's weight and your arms as close to your body as possible D. Flex at the hips, not at the waist

B. Lean back to help distribute the weight.

____ is a passive process in which molecules move from an are in which molecules move from an are with a higher concentration of molecules (oxygen in the air) to an area of lower concentration (oxygen in the bloodstream).

Diffusion

What kind of joint is the shoulder?

A ball-and-socket joint

# Select one Health care teams that infrequently train and work together: - Need less-explicit verbal direction - Can create delays in patient care - Often work better under pressure - Are unable to accomplis their tasks

Can create delays in patient care

# Select one It is essencial that you ________ your equipment to prevent the spread of disease. - Properly store - Decontaminate - Throw out - Incinerate

Decontaminate

____ is the circulation of blood in an organ or tissue.

Perfusion

The _ is a smooth glistening tissue that covers the lungs. | 1 part of the 2 tissues that make the pleural space

Visceral pleura

# Select one When lifting, you should: A. Spread your legs past shoulder width B. Lift a patient while reaching far in front of your torso C. keep the weight that you are lifitng as close to your body as possible D. use your back muscles by bending at the waist

C. Keep the weight that you are lifting as close to your body as possible

# Select one When the EMT asssists a paramedic with an advanced intervention, he or she should recall that the focus of the intervention is on: - Following local protocol - Completing the procedure - Learning to preform the skill - Solving a clinical problem

Solving a clinical problem

# Fill-in-the -blank The ____ _____ _____ is used for patients with no suspected spinal injury who are found lying supine on the ground.

Direct ground lift

What muscles are recognized as involuntary muscles?

Smooth and cardiac muscles

These four structures are collectively known as the great vessels.

Venae Cavae, Aorta, Pulmonary arteries, and veins.

The ____ is a small pouch extending from the bile ducts that serves as a reservoir and concentrating organ for bile produced in the liver.

Gallbladder

# Short answer List the nine different one-rescuer emergency moves.

1.Emergency clothes drag 2. Blanket drag 3. arm drag 4. arm to arm drag 5. Firefighters drag 6. Front cradle 7. One-person walking assist 8. Firefighters carry 9. Pack strap

# Select one The ____ is both the mechanical weight-bearing base of the spinal column and the fused central posterior section of the pelvic girdle. A. Lumbar spine B. Sacrum C. Coccyx D. Ileum

B. Sacrum

____ volume is the amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in a single breath.

Tidal Volume

# select one An urgent move would be required in which of the followiung circumstances? A. If a patient has a normal level of consciousness B. If the patient is complaining of neck pain C. In extreme weather conditions D. If a patient has normal vital signs

C. In extreme weather conditions

The low normal systolic blood pressure for a 30 year-old is:

90 mm Hg

What side of the body does the left hemisphere of the cerebrum control?

The right side of the body

What is the pulse rate, respirations, systolic blood pressure, and temperature of an infant.

Pulse rate: 100 to 160 Beats per min Respirations: 25 to 50 Breaths per min Systolic blood pressure: 70 to 95 mmHg Temperature: 96.8 to 99.6 degrees fahrenheit

The average adult with normal blood pressure will have a systolic blood pressure of?

Between 90 and 120 systolic

Which section on the sternum is the uppermost and forms a landmark called the sternal notch?

The manubrium

# Select one The effectiveness of pit crew CPR is dependent on: - A team leader who is capable of performing all of the patient care tasks - Defining clear roles and responsibilities before the call is recieved - Protocols that allow the EMT to function without medical control - Rapidly assessing the patient before assigning roles and responsibilities

Defining clear roles and responsibilities before the call is recieved

# Select one Children who make decisions bassed on their conscience are using what type of reasoning? - Postconventional reasoning - Psychosocial - Conventional - Preconventional

Postconventional

What major organs lie in the right lower quadrant (RLQ)?

Two portions of the large intestine: The Cecum and the Ascending colon.

# Select one The MOST serious consequence of a poorly planned or rushed patient move is: - Injurt to you or your patient. - Causing patient anxiety or fear. - Unnecessarily wasting time. - Confusion among team members.

Injury to you or your patient

The ___ ____ is the middle of the arteries formed by smooth muscle that can contract and dilate to change the diameter of the blood vessel.

Tunica Media

# Select one Maturation of the reproduction system usually takes place during: - Early adulthood - Preschool - Middle adulthood - Adolescence

Adolescence

Peristalsis is what

A wavelike contraction of smooth muscle. Occurs in the ureters to move the urine to the bladder.

What is the pulse rate, respirations, systolic blood pressure, and temperature of a Neonate.

Pulse rate: 100 to 180 Beats per min Respirations: 30 to 60 Breaths per min Systolic blood pressure: 50 to 70 mmHg Temperature: 98 to 100 degrees fahrenheit

# Select one If a problem with a team member is not directly or immediately impacting patient care, the team leader should: - Engage the team member at once - Discuss the problem after the call - Contact the medical director at once - Ignore the problem to avoid conflict

Discuss the problem after the call

# Select one As you and your partner are carrying a stable patient down a flight of stairs in a stair chair, you feel a sudden, sharp, pain in your lower back. You should: - Reposition your hands and continue to move the patient. - Guide your partner while moving the chair backwards - Stop the move and request additional lifting assistance. - Stop the move and have the patient walk down the stairs

Stop the move and request additional lifting assistance.

What are the names of the 2 valves in the right side of the heart?

-**Tricuspid valve** (prevents backflow from the ventricle) - **Pulmonic Valve** (Blood pumps out of the ventricle through this valve and into the pulmonary artery)

# Fill-in-the -blank A patient on a backboard or stretcher can be lifted and carried by four providers in a(n) ________ carry.

Diamond

What is the pulse rate, respirations, systolic blood pressure, and temperature of a preschool age human.

Pulse rate: 80 to 140 Beats per min Respirations: 20 to 25 Breaths per min Systolic blood pressure: 80 to 100 mmHg Temperature: 98.6 degrees fahrenheit

Nutrients move from the capillaries into the ____ space and into the ____ space.

Interstittal Space (Space between the cells) Intracellular space (Within the cell)

# Select one An effective team leader should: - Help the team accomplish goals. - Perform all difficult interventions. - Command his or her team - Refrain from any direct patient care

Help the team accomplish goals

What membrane, found in the inner lining of the joint capsule lubricates the ends of the bones?

Synovial Membrane

What is digestion

Processing food that nourishes the oindividual cells of the body

# Select on Into what age range to toddlers and preschoolers fit? - 1 to 6 years - 2 to 8 years - 2 to 7 years - 0 to 5 years

1 to 6 years

What is the name of the first seven vertebrae in the spinal column?

Cervical Spine

# Select one Special ____ stretchers are usually required to move any patient who weighs more than 650 lbs to an ambulance. A. Orthopedic B. Pediatric C. Geriatric D. Bariatric

D. Bariatric

In the absense of oxygen cells turn to a faster yet less effective means of producing ATP called ___ ____ and the biproduct is ______.

Anaerobic metabolism and Lactic acid

# Select one In contrast to a health care group, a health care team: - Works independently - Is not assigned specific roles - Works interdependently - Does not function under protocols

Works interdependently

# Select one The proper technique for using the power grip is to: - Hold the handle with your fingers - Rotate your palms down - Lift with your palms up - Position your hands about 6" apart

Lift with your palms up

The part of the brain that controls the left side of the body is the: Select one: A. left-side cerebrum. B. left parietal lobe. C. right-side cerebrum. D. right temporal lobe.

Right-side cerebrum | pg.221

An infants blood pressure typically increases with age because: Select one: - Blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight. - As the infant gets older, his or her blood vessels dilate. - The infants total blood volume decreases with age. - His or her heart rate usually increases with age.

Blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight.

What are the two bones that form the forearm, and where are they located?

The Radius, on the thumb side and The Ulna, on the medial or little finger side

# Select one In an interdependent group, when one person fails: - That person is fired - Everyone fails - Management will be changed - Pay is withheld

Everyone fails

In which of the following locations is the femoral pulse palpated? A. Behind the knee B. On the medial side of the upper arm C. At the groin D. On the medial side of the ankle, posterior to the tibia

At the groin

What 3 bones is the coxa formed by?

The Ilium, Ischium, and the pubis

Ventilation is the movement of air between the lungs and the ____.

Environment

The primary function of the lymphatic system is to what?

Rid the body of toxins and other harmful materials.

# Fill-in-the -blank Whenever a patient has been placed onto the stretcher, one EMT must hold the main frame to prevent _______.

Movement

Which of the following structures closes over the trachea to protect it during swallowing? A. Diaphragm B. Cricoid cartilage C. Pharynx D. Epiglottis

Epiglottis

The last inferior tip of the sternum formed by a narrow, cartilaginous structure is called what?

The Xiphoid Process

What is the name of the second section (12 vertebrae) in the spinal column?

Thoracic Spine

What part of the brain connects the cerebrum and the cerebellum to the spinal cord and acts as a relay center?

The Brainstem

Respiration is the process of ____.

Gas exchange

# Select one Pit crew CPR consists of defining each intervention that needs to be addressed during cardiac arrest and training providers before the call to ________ any areas that are not being addressed as soon as they arrive on scene. - Rapidly identify - Prioritize - take over - rapidly identify, prioritize, and take over

Rapidly identify, prioritize, and take over

What is the pulse rate, respirations, systolic blood pressure, and temperature of an older adult.

Pulse rate: 60 to 100 Beats per min Respirations: 12 to 20 Breaths per min Systolic blood pressure: 90 to 130 mmHg Temperature: 98.6 degrees fahrenheit

# Select one What is "vital capacity" - The volume of blood moved by each contraction of the heart. - The maximum thickness of the menengis - The volume of air moved during the deepest points of respiration. - The amount of air left in the lungs following exhalation.

The volume of air moved during the deepest points of respiration.

# Select one You can move a patieint on his or her back along the floor or ground using all of the following methods EXCEPT: A. Pulling on the patients clothing in the neck and shoulder area B. Placing the patient on a blanket, coat, or other item that can be pulled C. Pulling the patient by the legs if they are the most accessible part D. Placing your arms under the patients shoulders and through the armpits, and while grasping the patients arms, dragging the patient backward

C. Pulling the patient by the legs if they are the most accessible part

# Select one Which of the following would the EMT most likely be asked to do when assisting a paramedic with endotracheal intubation? - Suction under direct laryngoscopy - Preoxygen with a BVM - Placement of the endotracheal tube - Visualisation of the vocal cords

Preoxygenation with a BVM

# Select one Most of the patients weight will be distibuted on which part of the stretcher? A. Head B. Foot C. Side D. Center

A. Head

The primary muscle used in breathing is the ___.

Diaphragm

The ____ nervous system regulates activities that we have voluntary control over.

Somatic nervous system

What is the structure within a joint that attaches a muscle to a bone?

Tendon

# Select one To facilitate a safe and coordinated move, the team leader should: - Speak softly but clearly to avoid startling the patient. - Never become involved in the move, ony direct the move - Be positioned at the feet so the team can hear - Use prepatory commands to initiate any moves

Use prepatory commands to initiate any moves.

The upper extremities extend distally from the...?

Pectoral girdle (which comprises of the clavicle and the scapula)

___ ___ are fragile divisions of the arterial system that allow for contact between the blood and the cells of the tissues.

Capillary Vessels

The ___ ___ are thin bands of fibrous tissue that prevent the valves in the heart from inverting. | While one is open the other is closed

Chordae Tendinae

With increasing age, the heart must work harder to move the blood effectively becasue: Select one: - The blood thickens as a person ages. - The blood vessels become stiff. - Diastolic blood pressure decreases. - The arteries dilate significantly.

The blood vessels become stiff.

# Select one An emt may injure his or her back, even if it is straght, if the: - Shoulder is aligned over the pelvis - Hands are held close to the legs - Back is bent forward at the hips

Back is bent forward at the hips

# Fill-in-the -blank It is essencial that you ________ your equipment after use.

Decontaminate

The inability to move gas effectively which can result in hypoxia, hypercapnia, or both is called what?

Respritory compromise

In moving joints the ends of the bones are covered in what?

A thin layer of cartilage called Articular Cartilage

# Select one Health care providers who infrequently work together can function effectively as a team if they work in an environement that supports and promotes: - Discipline - Collaboration - Rigid protocalls - Competition

Collaboration

The Cushioning shock absorbing structures connecting the vertebrae to each other in the spinal column are called what?

Intervertebral Disks

# True or false Bariatrics is a medical specialty that deals with the care of the obese.

True

Target heart rate for adults?

60 to 100 beats/min a well conditioned athlete may have a resting heart rate from 45 to 60 beats/min

What is the age range for preschool age

Three to six years

# True or false The term *power lift* refers to a posture that is safe and helpful for EMT's when they are lifting

True

# Select one In an independent group, you would have: - Your own work area - Parallel work - Shared transportation - A common set of tasks

Your own work area

What is the decline in kidney filtration between the ages of 20 and 90 years? Select one: - 10% - 50% - 45% - 20%

50%

What is the name of the fourth section (Five vertebrae) in the spinal column?

Sacrum

# Select one You may injure your back if you lift: A. With your back straight B. Using a power lift technique C. With the shoulder girdle anterior to the pelvis D. Keeping the weight close to you

C. With the shoulder girdle anterior to the pelvis

What is the purpose of the germinal layer in the epidermis?

Produces new cells that gradually ascend to the stratum corneum. Also houses the cells that produce pigment granules which gives skin its color.

The somatic and autonomic nervous systems make up what?

Peripheral Nervous System

# Select one Which of the following is an example of a closed-loop communication? - EMTs decide not to attempt resuscitation because the patietn has rigor mortis and is cold to the touch - The EMT requests permission from medical control to assist a patient with his perscribed nitroglycerin - The leam leader assigns the EMT a task, and the EMT repeats the request back to the team leader. - The EMT corrects the team leader, who states that chest compressions should be greater than three inches deep.

The team leader assigns the EMT a task and the EMT repeats the request back to the team leader.

What is located in the lower left quadrant of the abdomin (LLQ).

The descending colon, and the sigmoid colon

# Short answer Identify the key rule of lifting

Always keep your back in a straight, upright position and lift without twisting

What is the pulse rate, respirations, systolic blood pressure, and temperature of a toddler.

Pulse rate: 90 to 150 Beats per min Respirations: 20 to 30 Breaths per min Systolic blood pressure: 80 to 100 mmHg Temperature: 96.8 to 99 degrees fahrenheit

The eight bones that form the wrist are called the....?

Carpals

The central nervous system is made up of the?

Brain and spinal cord

Infants are often reffered to as "belly breathers" becasue: - Their diaphragm does not recieve impulses from the brain. - Their rib cage is less rigid, and teh ribs sit horizontally. - Their intercoastal muscles are not functional. - An infants ribs are brittle and are less able to expand.

Their rib cage is less rigid, and the ribs sit horizontally

# Fill-in-the -blank The arm and hand have their greatest lifting strength when facing ________ up.

Palm

# Fill-in-the -blank To avoid injury to you, the patient, or your partners, you will have to learn how to lift and carry the patient properly, using proper ______ ______ and a power grip.

Body Mechanics

What are the names of the two large hip bones in the pelvic girdle?

Coxae

# Select one To minimize the risk of injuring yourself when liftin or moving a patient, you should: - Avoid the use of log rolls or body drags - Use a direct carry whenever possible - Keep the weight as close to your body as possible - Flex at the waist inside of the hips

Keep the weight as close to your body as possible

The lower leg comprises of two bones called what?

The tibia (shinbone) And The Fibula (lies on the lateral side)

The gas that remains in the lungs after exhalation simply to keep the lungs open is called what?

Residual volume

True or false Arteries only carry blood away from the heart.

True

# Select one While caring for a patient, the EMT states to her partner, "why even splint the patients leg if theyre going to remove it in the ED?" This statement indicated that: - The EMT is being realistic in her thinking - The patients leg deos not require splinting - The EMTs focus is not on the common goal - The EMT does not trust the hospital staff

The EMT's focus is not on the common goal

# Select one If you are alone and must remove an unconscious patient from a car, you should first remove the patient's: A. legs B. head C. Torso D. Pelvis

A. Legs

# Select one After assuming care of a cardiac arrest patient from an EMT the paramedic should remember that: - BLS efforts must continue throughout the patient care continuum - ALS interventions are the core interventions around which BLS care is provided - The BLS care provided by the EMT is the "First steps" of ALS care - ALS interventions are fundamentally more critical than BLS interventions

BLS efforts must continue throughout the patient care continuum

What is the age range for middle adult?

41 to 60 years

The elbow is an example of a ____________ joint. Select one: A. ball-and-socket B. gliding C. hinge D.saddle

Hinge joint | pg.193

The dermis is located where? And contains what?

The dermis is located under the epidermis, and contains sweat glands, sebaceous (oil) glands, hair follicles, blood vessels and nerve endings.

# Select one You should use a rigid ________, also called a stokes litter, to carry a patient across uneven terrain from a remote location that is inaccessible by ambulance or other vehicle. A. Basket stretcher B. Scoop stretcher C. Molded backboard D. Flotation device

A. Basket stretcher

# True or false A portable stretcher is typically a lightweight folding device that does not have the undercarriage and wheels of a true ambulance stretcher.

True

# Select one What term is used to identify a person who is from birth to 1 month old. - Infant - Toddler - Neonate - Newborne

Neonate

# Select one What is the typical range for an adolescent? - 6 to 12 years - 3 to 6 years - 12 to 18 years - 10 to 19 years

12 to 18 years

What is the pulse rate, respirations, systolic blood pressure, and temperature of an adolescent.

Pulse rate: 60 to 100 Beats per min Respirations: 12 to 20 Breaths per min Systolic blood pressure: 90 to 110 mmHg Temperature: 98 to 100 degrees fahrenheit

What are the names of the two valves in the left side of the heart?

- **Mitral Valve** (prevents backflow from the ventricle) - **Aortic Valve** (Blood pumps through this valve to the Aorta)

# select one To protect a restrained patient and prevent him from using leverage to break free, the emt should secure _____. - Only the patients torso - One arm above the head - Both arms above the head - Both arms at the patients sides

Both arms at the patients sides

What is a joint capsule?

Fibrous sack composed of connective tissue (connecting bone to bone)

What is the purpose of the epidermis?

Form a watertight barrier, provide protection from microorganisms getting inside the body while preventing fluid from escaping.

# Select one When you must carry a patient up or down a flight of stairs or other significant incline, use a ____________ if possible. A. Backboard B. Stair Chair C. Stretcher D. Short Backboard

B. Stair Chair

What is the pulse rate, respirations, systolic blood pressure, and temperature of an early adult.

Pulse rate: 60 to 100 Beats per min Respirations: 12 to 20 Breaths per min Systolic blood pressure: 90 to 130 mmHg Temperature: 98.6 degrees fahrenheit

The liver connects with the intestines by way of the ____.

Bile ducts

# Short answer List six situations where using a rapid extrication technique would be appropriate.

1. The vehicle or scene is unsafe. 2. Explosives or hazardous materials are on the scene. 3. There is a fire or danger of fire. 4. The patient cannot be properly assessed while in the car. 5. Patient has life threatening condition. 6. Patient blocks access to another patient.

Which of the following is NOT part of the upper extremities? A. Carpals B. Scapula C. Clavicle D. Calcaneus

Calcaneus

What is the name of the third section (Five vertebrae) in the spinal column?

Lumbar spine

Which component of blood is responsible for forming clotting factors to stop bleeding? A. White blood cells B. Red blood cells C. Platelets D. Plasma

Platelets