sectionONE Flashcards
(43 cards)
What is a Network?
A network is a group of interconnected devices that communicate and share resources.
What are the key benefits of a network?
- Resource sharing
- Centralized data management
- Communication (e.g., email, messaging)
What is the OSI Model?
(Open Systems Interconnection) A conceptual framework with 7 layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application.
What does the Physical layer of the OSI Model do?
Transmits raw bits (e.g., cables, switches). Bottom of the layers.
What does the Data Link layer of the OSI Model handle?
Handles MAC addresses and switching.
What is the role of the Network layer in the OSI Model?
Manages IP addresses and routing (e.g., routers).
What protocols operate at the Transport layer of the OSI Model?
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
• Reliable, connection-based
• Ensures data is delivered in order and without loss
• Used for web browsing (HTTP), email (SMTP), file transfers (FTP)
UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
• Unreliable, connectionless
• Faster, no guarantee of delivery or order
• Used for streaming, gaming, voice/video calls (VoIP)
What is the TCP/IP Model?
A practical model used in real-world networking with layers: Network Access, Internet, Transport, Application.
Main point:: this process is connecting network (data,communications, etc… ) to an application. Network to Application. or vice versa.
What does a Hub do?
Broadcasts data to all devices (Layer 1). It broadcasts data received from any connected device to all other connected devices, regardless of the intended recipien
What is the function of a Switch?
Sends data only to the destination device using MAC addresses (Layer 2). It acts as a traffic cop, directing data packets to their intended destinations by identifying the connected devices’ MAC addresses.
How does a Router operate?
Directs data between networks using IP addresses (Layer 3). It acts as a central hub, forwarding data to its intended destination by examining the destination IP address and consulting a routing table.
What is the purpose of a Bridge in networking?
Connects and filters traffic between network segments. It operates at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model, forwarding traffic based on MAC addresses. Essentially, a bridge extends network coverage and reduces collision domains by filtering traffic between segments.
What does a Modem do?
Converts digital to analog signals (and vice versa) for internet access.
For example, a modem may convert digital data into analog signals to travel over cable, DSL, or telephone lines, depending on the type of internet connection.
Modern modems can work over:
• DSL modems – use telephone lines
• Cable modems – use coaxial cable
• Fiber modems (ONTs) – use light signals but still perform digital conversion at endpoints
What is the role of a Repeater?
Amplifies signal over long distances.
What are the types of cabling used in networking?
- UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair)
- Coaxial Cable
- Fiber Optic
- Patch Cable
- Crossover Cable
What is the function of the ping command?
Checks connectivity between devices.
What does ipconfig (Windows) / ifconfig (Linux/macOS) do?
Shows network interface info.
What is the purpose of the traceroute command?
Displays path packets take to reach a destination.
What information does the arp command provide?
Shows the ARP table (IP to MAC address mapping).
What does netstat display?
Displays active connections and ports.
What is nslookup used for?
Queries DNS to find IP addresses from domain names.
What is a PAN?
Personal Area Network – short-range, individual use (e.g., Bluetooth headset).
What characterizes a LAN?
Local Area Network – small area like a home or office.
What differentiates WLAN from LAN?
WLAN uses wireless technology (e.g., Wi-Fi).
