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Beliefs in Society > Secularisation > Flashcards

Secularisation Flashcards

1
Q

Religious Practice - Evidence of Secularisation in UK

A

Less people attending churches, sunday schools & weddings & baptism all declining.

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1
Q

Secularisation

A

When religious thinking, practice & institutions lose signifcance

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2
Q

How do we know that secularisation is happening - Evidence FOR secularisation

A

> Popularity
Plausability
Power

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3
Q

Why has secularisation happened? Evidence FOR

A

> Rationalisation
Structural Differentiation
Social & Cultural Diversity
Religious Diversity

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4
Q

Rationalisation - Weber

A

> Due to industrialisation, people use science, logical and evidence based ways of thinking not religion & supernatural, move from medieval Catholic worldview to modern Protestant worldview

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5
Q

Disenchantment - Weber

A

> ‘Magical’ element of religion has disappeared

> People have stopped believing in ‘magical’ figures like angels

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6
Q

Technological Worldview - Bruce

A

> No longer see bad events as God’s punishment, but scientific explanations, reducing scope for religious explanations

> Religion only used when technology ineffective e.g prayer for incurable cancer

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7
Q

Parsons – Structural Differentiation

A

Church performed variety of functions eg. education, caring for sick & poor, but replaced by NHS & Education, provided by the state

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8
Q

Disengagement - Structural differentiation (Parsons)

A

> Church now disconnected from wider society

> People no longer engage with it on a daily basis

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9
Q

Privatisation - Structural Differentiation (Bruce)

A

> Religious belief privatised in home & family is now matter of personal choice

> Traditional rituals & symbols have lost meaning.

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10
Q

Controlled by State -Structural Differentiation (Parsons)

A

> Even where religion is involved in education/welfare, needs to conform to state controls

> e.g. teachers must have qualifications recognised by state

> Church lost political power, separate from state in modernity

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11
Q

Social & Cultural Diversity - Wilson

A

Decline of Community & Industrialisation
Diversity
Individualism

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12
Q

Decline of Community & Industrialisation - Wilson

A

Local communities shared rituals, reinforcing social solidarity. Industrialisation destroyed stability & religious basis for society.

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13
Q

Sacred Canopy

A

In pre-industrial society, Catholic Church had no competition, all lived under same unquestioned shared beliefs.

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14
Q

Plausibility Structure - Berger

A

> Plausibility of all religious views are undermined with multiple versions of the ‘’truth’’

> People fearful of choosing wrong truth so chosen none or create pick n mix of beliefs

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15
Q

Evidence Against Secularisation - Secularisation is not happening

A

> Cultural Defence
Cultural Transition
Fundamentalism
Resacrilisation & Reenchantment
Religious Market Theory
Existential Security Theory

16
Q

Cultural Defence - Bruce

A

> Religion gives a focal point for defence of national identity in struggle with external forces e.g. hostile foreign power.

> Using religion to defend against a racist, hostile environment.

> e.g. the resurgence of Islam before the revolution in Iran in 1979.

17
Q

Cultural Transition - Bruce

A

Gives sense of community and support for Black, Asian and minority ethnic people living in a different country & culture e.g. Muslims in UK

18
Q

Fundamentalism

A

Taking the literal approach to following religious texts

19
Q

Examples of growth of religious fundamentalism

A

New Christian Right in USA

20
Q

Resacrilisation

A

A renewal and continuing vitality of religious beliefs - shifting from traditional religions to a more individualistic spirituality centered on the self.

21
Q

Reenchantment

A

People are now starting to believe in the magical elements of some forms of new religious movements

22
Q

Religious Market Theory

A

> Demand for religion increases when there are more different religions to choose from.
Where there is a religious monopoly, it leads to a decline in religion.

23
Q

Existential Security Theory

A

> The presence of a strong welfare state acts as a safety net for them to turn to.

> When there is no such safety net, they turn to religion for comfort and support.

24
Q

Belief without Belonging

A

Where people have religious views, but do not attend church/places of worship.

25
Q

Vicarious Religion

A

Where a small number of professional clergy practice religion on behalf of a much larger number of people.

26
Q

The Kendal Project

A

A study which found traditional religion is declining and spirituality is growing.

27
Q

Sheilaism and Individualised Religion

A

Religion can be whatever you want it to be such as following the voice in your head in order to do right things.

28
Q

Spiritual Shopping

A

A do it yourself belief to be able to pick and choose whatever religion is best suited for you.

Beliefs in Society (8 decks)

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