Sedative/anxiolytic

Question 1

what dose will you have anxiolytic effects vs sedative effects in benzodiazepenes

Answer 1

low doses-anxiolytic high doses-sedative effects

Question 2

what are the GABA-A subtypes that benzos bind to?

Answer 2

Alpha1: sedation/anticonvulsant/amnesia Alpha2:anxiolytic properties

Question 3

when can you cause respiratory depression while taking Benzodiazepine?

Answer 3

when you take it with other CNS depressants, such as alcohol can cause LETHAL respiratory depression

Question 4

when should you avoid giving Benzodiazepine to patientes?

Answer 4

-Pregnancy -Elderly -substance abuse a concern -sleep disorder -when alertness is reuqired

Question 5

conscious sedation

Answer 5

midazolam, diazepam, lorazepam

Question 6

antispasmodic

Answer 6

diazepam

Question 7

Acute alcohol withdrawal

Answer 7

diazepam, oxazepam

Question 8

agitated patients

Answer 8

lorazepam and diazepam

Question 9

alprazolam tx

Answer 9

panic attack and depression

Question 10

what benzodiazepeine is used for bipolar

Answer 10

Clonazepam, lorazepam

Question 11

Seizure

Answer 11

diazepam, lorazepam, clonazepam, chlorazepate

Question 12

what can be used if you have benzodiazepine overdose

Answer 12

Flumazenil

Question 13

Which barbiturate is used as anesthesia?

Answer 13

Thiopental

Question 14

What is the difference between benzo and barbiturates binding to GABA-A

Answer 14

Benzo increases frequency of opening of the GABA-A receptors. Barbiturates increases the duration of opening

Question 15

which drug binds to melatonin receptors? and what is each receptor used for?

Answer 15

Ramelteon MT1: sleep onset MT2: circadian pattern

Question 16

what drug will relieves anxiety but not affect sedation?

Answer 16

Buspirone

Question 17

Is Buspirone used for acute or long term anxiety

Answer 17

long term–it has delayed onset of therapeutic response

Question 18

5HT reputake blockade SE

Answer 18

GI disturbances, anxiety (dose dependent), sexual dysfunction

Question 19

NE reuptake blockade SE

Answer 19

tremors, tachycardia

Question 20

DA uptake blockade SE

Answer 20

Psychomotor activation, antiparkinsonian effects, psychosis, increased attention and concentration

Question 21

H1 receptor blockade SE

Answer 21

Sedation, drowsiness, weight gain, hypotension

Question 22

Muscarinic Ach receptor blockade

Answer 22

blurred vision, dry mouth, sinus tachycardia, constipation, urinary retention, memory dysfunction

Question 23

Alpha1 receptor blockade (adrenergic)

Answer 23

postural hypotension, reflex tachycardia, dizziness

Question 24

what does MAO-A target

Answer 24

tyramine, NE, 5HT, DA

Question 25

What does MAOB target

Answer 25

mainly dopamine

Question 26

Selegiline at low dose vs high dose

Answer 26

Low dose: parkinson, MAOB inhibitor High dose: antidepressant;

Question 27

What do you have to avoid when you take MAO-A inhibitors? what could potentially happen?

Answer 27

FOOD HIGH IN TYRAMINE!!! Hypertensive crisis! orthostatic hypotension

Question 28

What is the Wine and Cheese Rxn?

Answer 28

Tyramine triggers release of catecholamine in synapse--\> increase NE, overwhelming vasoconstriction--\>HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS -headaches, intracranial bleeding, stroke, orgaan damage

Question 29

what drug is used commonly for chronic neuropathic pain

Answer 29

TCA: Desipramine (most commonly used)

Question 30

which drug is used to treat enuresis

Answer 30

imipramine

Question 31

which drug is known as the hip breaker drugs? why?

Answer 31

TCA; cause orthostatic hypotension

Question 32

what are some serious side effects with TCAs?

Answer 32

Orthostatic hypotension, lethal cardiac arrhythmia, CNS toxicity (esp in elderly)

Question 33

What happens when you overdose on TCA

Answer 33

Convulsion, coma, cardiac arrhythmias (3 Cs)

Question 34

Serotonin syndrome

Answer 34

Rare side effec to SSRI due to long 1/2 life that usually occurs combining with another SSRI, MAOI, TCA. Commonly occurs when people are switching Meds.

Question 35

Which drug is used for smoking cessation besides an antidepressant

Answer 35

Bupropion

Question 36

what drug would you use if you have an acute manic attack?

Answer 36

valproic acid and carbamazepine

Question 37

MOA for Z Drug

Answer 37

bind to alpha 1 on GABA-A

Question 38

Pentobarbital

Answer 38

medically induced coma, most abused drug for barbiturate

Question 39

phenobarbital

Answer 39

anticonvulsant safest drug during pregnancy Status epilepticus NEONATAL Seizures\*\*

Question 40

Which is the longest acting barbiturates? shortest

Answer 40

phenobarbital; thiopental