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Anesthesia Pharmacology > Sedatives & Antiseizure > Flashcards

Sedatives & Antiseizure Flashcards

1
Q

PROPOFOL (DIPRIVAN)
MECHANISM OF ACTION:

A

Enhances and directly activates GABA Receptors

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2
Q

PROPOFOL (DIPRIVAN)
ADULT DOSING:
Induction

A

2 mg/kg

(1-2.5 mg/kg)

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3
Q

PROPOFOL (DIPRIVAN)
ADULT DOSING:
GA Infusion

A

200 mcg/kg/min

(100-300 mcg/kg/min)

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4
Q

PROPOFOL (DIPRIVAN)
ADULT DOSING:
Sedation Infusion

A

50 mcg/kg/min

(25-100 mcg/kg/min)

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5
Q

PROPOFOL (DIPRIVAN)
ADULT DOSING:
PONV

A

15 mg

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6
Q

PROPOFOL (DIPRIVAN)
KIDS DOSING:
Induction

A

3 mg/kg

(2.5-3.5 mg/kg)

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7
Q

PROPOFOL (DIPRIVAN)
KIDS DOSING:
GA Infusion

A

250 mcg/kg/min

(150-350 mcg/kg/min)

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8
Q

PROPOFOL (DIPRIVAN)
KIDS DOSING:
Sedation Infusion

A

100 mcg/kg/min

(80-150 mcg/kg/min)

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9
Q

PROPOFOL (DIPRIVAN)
CONCENTRATION:

A

10 mg/mL

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10
Q

PROPOFOL (DIPRIVAN)
ONSET

A

30 seconds

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11
Q

PROPOFOL (DIPRIVAN)
DURATION

A

5 minutes

(5-10 minutes)

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12
Q

PROPOFOL (DIPRIVAN)
ELIMINATION

A

Liver

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13
Q

PROPOFOL (DIPRIVAN)
PRIMARY EFFECTS:

A

Sleep
Vasodilation
Cardiac Depression
Blunts SNS response

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14
Q

PROPOFOL (DIPRIVAN)
COMPLICATIONS:

A

Hypotension
Respiratory Depression
Lose Airway Reflexes
Histamine release

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15
Q

PROPOFOL (DIPRIVAN)
CONTRAINDICATIONS

A

Allergy to Propofol
Egg allergy (but not really)

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16
Q

PROPOFOL (DIPRIVAN)
MISCELLANEOUS:

A

Discard within 6 hours of being drawn up

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17
Q

Ketamine (Ketalar)
MECHANISM OF ACTION:

A

NMDA Receptor Antagonist (Blocks Glutamate) with some Opioid Receptor activation
Blocks the Thalamus, essentially disconnecting the cerebral cortex from the brainstem
Blocks the perception of pain and activates Opioid Receptors
Increases the RELEASE of norepinephrine
Direct cardiac depressant

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18
Q

Ketamine (Ketalar)
ADULT DOSING:
Induction IV

A

1 mg/kg

(1-2 mg/kg)

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19
Q

Ketamine (Ketalar)
ADULT DOSING:
Induction IM

A

5 mg/kg

(5-10 mg/kg)

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20
Q

Ketamine (Ketalar)
ADULT DOSING:
Analgesia IV

A

10-50 mg
0.5 mg/kg

(0.2 - 1 mg/kg) (don’t exceed 1 mg/kg in a 30 minute period)

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21
Q

Ketamine (Ketalar)
KIDS DOSING:
Induction IV

A

2 mg/kg

(1-3 mg/kg)

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22
Q

Ketamine (Ketalar)
KIDS DOSING:
Induction IM

A

5 mg/kg

(5-10 mg/kg)

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23
Q

Ketamine (Ketalar)
KIDS DOSING:
Analgesia IV

A

0.1 mg/kg

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24
Q

Ketamine (Ketalar)
CONCENTRATION:

A

10 mg/mL

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25
Q

Ketamine (Ketalar)
ONSET:
IV

A

30 seconds

(30-60 seconds)

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26
Q

Ketamine (Ketalar)
DURATION:

A

20 minutes

(10-30 minutes)

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27
Q

Ketamine (Ketalar)
ELIMINATION:

A

Liver
Kidneys (Active metabolite)

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28
Q

Ketamine (Ketalar)
PRIMARY EFFECTS:

A

“Dissociative Anesthesia”
Analgesia
Increased BP & HR
Bronchodilation

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29
Q

Ketamine (Ketalar)
COMPLICATIONS:

A

Hypertension
Tachycardia
Increased Secretions - Increased Laryngospasm Risk
PONV
Hallucinations
Increased Intracranial Pressure
Increased Intraocular Pressure
Seizures
Histamine release

30
Q

Ketamine (Ketalar)
CONTRAINDICATIONS:

A

Porphyria
Hypertension
Increased ICP
Procedures of Pharynx, Larynx, Bronchial Tree
History of CVA
Psych disorder
Convulsive disorder

31
Q

Ketamine (Ketalar)
MISCELLANEOUS:

A

Pretreat with Glycopyrrolate (Robinul) - Secretions
Pretreat with Versed! - Hallucinations & Delirium

32
Q

Etomidate (Amidate)
MECHANISM OF ACTION:

A

Enhances GABA binding

33
Q

Etomidate (Amidate)
ADULT DOSING:
IV

A

0.3 mg/kg

(0.2-0.6 mg/kg)

34
Q

Etomidate (Amidate)
KIDS DOSING:

A

Not for kids under 10 years old

Kids over 10 is the same as adults (0.2-0.4 mg/kg)

35
Q

Etomidate (Amidate)
CONCENTRATION:

A

2 mg/mL

36
Q

Etomidate (Amidate)
ONSET:

A

30 seconds

37
Q

Etomidate (Amidate)
DURATION:

A

5 minutes

(3-10 minutes)

38
Q

Etomidate (Amidate)
ELIMINATION:

A

Liver
Plasma Esterases

39
Q

Etomidate (Amidate)
PRIMARY EFFECTS:

A

Sedation
Anticonvulsant
Decreased ICP
Minimal Cardiovascular Effects

40
Q

Etomidate (Amidate)
COMPLICATIONS:

A

Respiratory Depression (small tidal volumes)
PONV
Adrenal Suppression (for 6 hours)
Myoclonus
Pain on injection

41
Q

Etomidate (Amidate)
CONTRAINDICATIONS:

A

Porphyria
Immunosuppressed patients

42
Q

Etomidate (Amidate)
MISCELLANEOUS:

A

No Histamine release

43
Q

DEXMEDETOMIDINE (PRECEDEX)
MECHANISM OF ACTION:

A

Central Alpha 2 Agonist
Activates presynaptic Alpha 2 Receptors in the CNS, blocking the release of Norepinephrine

44
Q

DEXMEDETOMIDINE (PRECEDEX)
ADULT DOSING:
Bolus

A

4 mcg

(4-12 mcg)

45
Q

DEXMEDETOMIDINE (PRECEDEX)
ADULT DOSING:
Loading before infusion

A

0.5 mcg/kg over 10 minutes

(0.5 - 1 mcg/kg over 10 minutes)

46
Q

DEXMEDETOMIDINE (PRECEDEX)
ADULT DOSING:
Infusion

A

0.5 mcg/kg/hour

(0.2 - 1 mcg/kg/hr)

47
Q

DEXMEDETOMIDINE (PRECEDEX)
KIDS DOSING:
Loading before infusion

A

Same as adults
0.5 mcg/kg over 10 minutes

48
Q

DEXMEDETOMIDINE (PRECEDEX)
KIDS DOSING:
Infusion

A

Same as adults
0.5 mcg/kg/hour

(0.2 - 1 mcg/kg/hr)

49
Q

DEXMEDETOMIDINE (PRECEDEX)
CONCENTRATION:

A

4 mcg/mL

50
Q

DEXMEDETOMIDINE (PRECEDEX)
ONSET:

A

5 minutes

51
Q

DEXMEDETOMIDINE (PRECEDEX)
DURATION:

A

1 hour

(1-2 hours)

52
Q

DEXMEDETOMIDINE (PRECEDEX)
ELIMINATION:

A

Liver

53
Q

DEXMEDETOMIDINE (PRECEDEX)
PRIMARY EFFECTS:

A

Sedation
Anxiolysis
Analgesia
Antisialagogue

54
Q

DEXMEDETOMIDINE (PRECEDEX)
COMPLICATIONS:

A

Bradycardia
Heart Block
Hypotension
Dry mouth
Hypertension with IV bolus

55
Q

DEXMEDETOMIDINE (PRECEDEX)
CONTRAINDICATIONS:

A

Bradycardia
Hypotension

56
Q

DEXMEDETOMIDINE (PRECEDEX)
MISCELLANEOUS:

A

No Respiratory Depression

57
Q

Midazolam (Versed)
MECHANISM OF ACTION:

A

Benzodiazepine - Enhances GABA Receptor Binding

58
Q

Midazolam (Versed)
ADULT DOSING:
PreOp Anxiolysis

A

2 mg

(1-5 mg)

(0.2-0.4 mg/kg)

59
Q

Midazolam (Versed)
ADULT DOSING:
Induction

A

0.2 mg/kg

(0.2-0.4 mg/kg)

60
Q

Midazolam (Versed)
KIDS DOSING:
Oral PreOp

A

0.5 mg/kg 30 minutes before induction

61
Q

Midazolam (Versed)
KIDS DOSING:
IV

A

0.05 mg/kg

62
Q

Midazolam (Versed)
CONCENTRATION:

A

1 mg/mL

63
Q

Midazolam (Versed)
ONSET:
IV

A

1 minute
(1-2 minutes)

64
Q

Midazolam (Versed)
ONSET:
Oral

A

30 minutes

65
Q

Midazolam (Versed)
DURATION:

A

2 hours
(2-6 hours)

66
Q

Midazolam (Versed)
ELIMINATION:

A

Liver

67
Q

Midazolam (Versed)
PRIMARY EFFECTS

A

Anxiolysis
Amnesia
Sedation
Antiemetic

68
Q

Midazolam (Versed)
COMPLICATIONS

A

Respiratory Depression

69
Q

Midazolam (Versed)
CONTRAINDICATIONS:

A

Old People (over 70)

70
Q
A

Anesthesia Pharmacology (20 decks)

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