Seed

Question 1

What are the three main components of an embryo in a seed?

Answer 1

Radicle, plumule, cotyledons

The radicle develops into the root, the plumule into the shoot, and the cotyledons are the seed leaves.

Question 2

What state does the embryo of a seed remain in until exposed to favorable conditions?

Answer 2

Inactive (dormant)

Dormancy allows seeds to survive unfavorable conditions.

Question 3

What is the function of endosperm in a seed?

Answer 3

It provides food material for the embryo during germination

Endosperm can be present in both monocot and dicot seeds.

Question 4

What are the two types of seeds based on the presence of endosperm?

Answer 4

• Albuminous (endospermic)
• Exalbuminous (non-endospermic)

Albuminous seeds have persistent endosperm, while exalbuminous seeds have thick, fleshy cotyledons that store food.

Question 5

What is the definition of a fruit?

Answer 5

The enlarged ripened ovary that encloses the seeds

The fruit wall is formed from the ovarian wall.

Question 6

How does the fruit assist in seed dispersal?

Answer 6

By protecting the seeds and facilitating their distribution

Fruits often have adaptations for wind, water, or animal dispersal.

Question 7

What is the definition of a seed?

Answer 7

The ripened ovule that contains an embryo

The seed coat protects the embryo from mechanical damage.

Question 8

What differentiates a grain from other types of seeds?

Answer 8

The fruit wall and the seed coat are fused together

Examples include maize and wheat.

Question 9

What is the largest seed known?

Answer 9

Coconut

Coconuts are examples of large seeds that can float and disperse across water.

Question 10

What is the difference between hypogeal and epigeal germination?

Answer 10

Hypogeal germination has the cotyledons below ground; epigeal germination has them above ground

This affects how the seedling establishes and grows.

Question 11

True or False: Some seeds can remain dormant for up to 100 years or more.

Answer 11

True

This dormancy allows seeds to survive extreme environmental conditions.

Question 12

What are some examples of albuminous seeds?

Answer 12

• Monocot albuminous: cereals, millets, palm
• Dicot albuminous: poppy, custard apple

These seeds retain their endosperm during development.

Question 13

What types of seeds are Vallisneria, orchids, and amorphophallus classified as?

Answer 13

Monocot exalbuminous seeds

These seeds have thick, fleshy cotyledons that store food.

Question 14

Fill in the blank: A seed contains a tiny living plant called the _______.

Answer 14

embryo

The embryo develops from the fused sperm and egg nuclei.

Question 15

What are some examples of exalbuminous seeds?

Answer 15

• Monocot exalbuminous: Vallisneria, orchids, amorphophallus
• Dicot exalbuminous: gram, pea, mango, mustard

These seeds have cotyledons that store food and become thick and fleshy.