Seed Priming

Question 1

Pre-sowing treatment which leads to a
physiological state that enables seed to
germinate more efficiently

Answer 1

Seed Priming

Question 2

Based on seed imbibition allowing the
seeds to go through the first reversible
stage of germination but do not allow
radicle protrusion through the seed
coat

Answer 2

Seed Priming

Question 3

True or False: During subsequent germination, primed seeds exhibit a faster and
more synchronized germination

Answer 3

True

Question 4

more
vigorous and resistant to abiotic stresses than seedlings obtained
from unprimed seeds.

Answer 4

young seedlings

Question 5

Simplest method of seed priming; relies on seed soaking in pure water and redrying to original moisture content prior to sowing

Answer 5

Hydropriming

Question 6

What is important to have in Hydropriming to ensure desired level of seed hydration and to prevent radicle protrusion?

Answer 6

defined treatment duration
temperature
water volume

Question 7

What are the main disadvantage of hydropriming?

Answer 7

uncontrolled water uptake by seeds
unequal degree of seeds hydration

Question 8

Involves soaking seeds in osmotic solution with low water potential
instead of pure wate

Answer 8

Osmopriming

Question 9

different compounds are used in osmopriming, namely

Answer 9

: polyethylene glycol (PEG),
mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol, and inorganic salts such as NaCl, KCl, KNO3,
K3PO4, KH2PO4, MgSO4, and CaCl2

Question 10

priming with salt solution

Answer 10

Halopriming

Question 11

water uptake by seeds is controlled;
developed as an alternative method to osmopriming because of high
cost of osmotic agents and technical problems with aeration

Answer 11

Solid matrix priming (matriconditioning)

Question 13

During solid matrix priming, seeds are mixed and incubated with _ for a certain period. Afterward, seeds are separated
from matrix, rinsed, and back-dried.

Answer 13

wet solid water carrier

Question 14

During hormopriming, seeds imbibition occurs in
the presence of _, which can
have direct impact on seed metabolism

Answer 14

plant growth regulators

Question 15

What are the different example of plant growth regulators?

Answer 15

abscisic acid, auxins, gibberellins, kinetin,
ethylene, polyamines, and salicylic acid (SA)

Question 16

improved photosynthetic properties, antioxidant system,
seedling emergence, and growth of white clover on
heavy metal polluted soil

Answer 16

Gibberellic acid (GA3) and PEG priming:

Question 17

Enhanced salt tolerance, growth,
and grain yield

Answer 17

Kinetin-priming

Question 18

involves seed imbibition
together with bacterial inoculation
of seed.

Answer 18

Biopriming

Question 19

Increases rate and uniformity of
germination, and protects seeds
against the soil and seed-borne
pathogens

Answer 19

Biopriming

Question 20

Some bacteria used as biocontrol
agents can colonize _ and
support plant in both direct and
indirect way after germination stage

Answer 20

rhizosphere

Question 21

seed treatment with different chemical solutions used as priming
agents

Answer 21

chemical priming

Question 22

Seeds are soaked with solutions containing limiting nutrient instead of
pure water

Answer 22

Nutripriming

Question 23

The idea is to obtain nutritional effect together with biochemical
advantages of priming in order to improve seed quality, germination
parameters, and seedling establishment

Answer 23

Nutripriming

Question 24

imbibing seeds in mixture of
minerals, such as Zn, Cu, Mn, Mo, and P, which has been proved to fertilize
the seed and provides the nutrients for early growth, which positively
affects germination, seedling vigor, and root system development

Answer 24

Broad spectrum nutrient seed priming (BSN):

Question 25

often exhibit an increased germination rate and greater germination uniformity

Answer 25

Primed seed

Question 26

Priming-induced increase in germination may be associated to a change in _ and _

Answer 26

plant hormone biosynthesis and signaling

Question 27

synchronized endosperm weakening, embryo cell elongation, reserve mobilization

Answer 27

Increased gibberellins/abscisic acid ratio

Question 28

promote endo-β-mannanase activity facilitating endosperm weakening and post-priming germination

Answer 28

Increased ethylene production

Question 29

True or False: Plants issued from primed seeds often exhibit a faster growth than those issued from unprimed ones

Answer 29

True

Question 30

improved shoot elongation (rice)

Answer 30

Priming with 5-aminolevulinic acid

Question 31

improved capacity to scavenge free radicals by antioxidants, stimulated plant growth (wheat)

Answer 31

Priming with sodium prusside

Question 32

transmembrane proteins that facilitate rapid and passive water transport across cell membranes and play a crucial role in plant water relations

Answer 32

Aquaporins (AQPs)

Question 33

risk of medium contamination by fungi and bacteria

Answer 33

Stress resistance

Question 34

Characterized by reduced leaf water potential and turgor pressure, stomatal closure, and decreased cell growth and enlargement

Answer 34

drought stress

Question 35

Low water potential due to high solute concentration

Answer 35

drought stress

Question 36

Lower protease, Rnase activity, RNA hydrolysis and DNA content

Answer 36

affects N metabolism

Question 37

Decrease starch and sugar translocation

Answer 37

affect energy metabolism

Question 38

Ability of plants to withstand water deficit with low tissue water potential

Answer 38

Drought tolerance

Question 39

Biochemical response to drought

Answer 39

Reduce ROS accumulation Increase antioxidative enzymes Decrease RUBISCO efficienc

Question 40

under drought conditions, what decreases?

Answer 40

Auxins, gibberellins, cytokine decreases

Question 41

under drought conditions, what increases?

Answer 41

ABA and ethylene