Segundo Parcial

Question 1

monographs laid the foundations of _____

Answer 1

ethnography

Question 2

what is fieldwork?

Answer 2

it is a research method that consists of direct personal observation and/or participation for extended periods of time

Question 3

what where the first fieldwork investigations?

Answer 3

anthropologists lived with groups characterized by primary ways, and observed their way of life: hunting, fishing, harvesting, planting and breeding, among others

Question 4

what where the difficulties of early anthropologists? (2)

Answer 4

1-they did not speak the language of the studied group
2-in order to understand how they live, they had to experience it by themselves.

Question 5

what is a monograph?

Answer 5

it is a detailed document of a single subject. it should be very complete, including all aspects of life

Question 6

what is the purpose of a monograph?

Answer 6

to gather as much information as possible about the topic that was chosen

Question 7

what are the 3 options of monographs in anthropology?

Answer 7

-a specific village
-a particular activity
-relation between 1 or more topics

Question 8

what sources can be used for a monograph? (3)

Answer 8

-stories
-legends
-personal or indirect observation

Question 9

diachronic monograph

Answer 9

from previous times until today

Question 10

synchronic monograph

Answer 10

from the present time

Question 11

7 steps of making a monograph

Answer 11

1-selection and delimitation of the topic
2-development of a tentative structure of the work
3-search and recolection of information
4-debug of information according to the tentative structure
5-reorganization of the structure if a new focus was aquired in the previous step
6-development of a partial or total draft
7-revision of the draft (citations, spelling, no parts missing)

Question 12

what did wilhelm dilthey contribute?

Answer 12

-spirit sciences
-historical perspective

Question 13

what is historical perspective?

Answer 13

study of man, the medium in which he is inserted and how he relates to it

Question 14

what is a qualitative research?

Answer 14

a methodology that seeks to present elements that drive us to give answers and explanations about the events and happenings surrounding mankind

Question 15

what are methods?

Answer 15

ways to approach the objective of study

Question 16

what are techniques?

Answer 16

ways to gather information

Question 17

what is the ethnography?

Answer 17

fieldwork in a paricular cultural scenario, their aspects of everyday life in an integra vision

Question 18

study of the case

Answer 18

(M) used to present an integral portrait through the study of a particular case. it’s done in a detailed way, with time background and relevant events

Question 19

oral history

Answer 19

(M) group of interviews, tapings and their transcripts. these are edited and analyzed so the result is a final report.
this method allows you to gather personal memories of past and present events, of specific social groups, preserved from generation to generation

Question 20

participative action investigation

Answer 20

(M) it includes the people that are being investigated. they go from object of study to participants, being able to interact through the process

Question 21

qualitative evaluation

Answer 21

(M) it gathers the other methods, and uses them to evaluate projects, social policies and service programs. used when official information is not enough in order to improve a policy or program

Question 22

life history

Answer 22

(T) interview to a person, where they tell important experiences they have gone through their whole life, from birth to present time. used to know their own perception of the world.

Question 23

testimony

Answer 23

(T) expression of minority groups through interviews and others they communicate their experiences first hand

Question 24

semi-structured interview

Answer 24

(T) elaborating a general script with topics and questions. you adapt to the situation of the interviewed, and it becomes more like a conversation, in a flexible way

Question 25

focus group

Answer 25

(T) people are chosen to gather info about a topic. a moderator organizes turns to speak and captures the perspective of each participant, the way they solve agreements, their influence, etc

Question 26

participant observation

Answer 26

(T) most used method. total immersion in the studied society, they capture and describe all aspects of life of a certain group. observations are written down immediately

Question 27

field diary

Answer 27

(T) gathers notes taken during the fieldwork, includes the largest amount of info you can get (people, activities, details, conversations, events)

Question 28

documents

Answer 28

(T) official texts, personal texts, newspapers, magazines, etc. that allow you to gather information about any aspect of the subject or studied group

Question 29

pictures and videos

Answer 29

(T) register styles and conditions of a group, timeless data

Question 30

what is the criticism that qualitative methods have recieved?

Answer 30

they lack reliability and objectivity

Question 31

quantitative method (6)

Answer 31

-uses the subjects of study -seeks verifiable answers -vertical communication -strength: external validity, generalizable -weakness: internal validity, no proof of theories -main criticism: are the results generalizable?

Question 32

qualitative method (6)

Answer 32

-communicates with the subject of study -asks questions indefinitely -horizontal communication -strength: internal validity, generates theories -weakness: external validity, results not generalizable -main criticism: are the results complete?

Question 33

what does ethnography allow?

Answer 33

deep reflection about the percieved reality, and proposing a hypothesis

Question 34

7 steps of ethnographic research

Answer 34

-marking the field (where?) -subject field (what?) -preparation and documentation -design (how?) -field investigation -gathering of information -conclusion

Question 35

marking the field

Answer 35

selection of a community, defining the objectives, resources, and time

Question 36

subject field

Answer 36

a topic of interest and its context is chosen

Question 37

preparation and documentation

Answer 37

revision of the existing information is made, seeking to update it.

Question 38

design

Answer 38

basic questions to direct the research, techniques are chosen, motives of the study,how field work will be done

Question 39

fieldwork

Answer 39

find a way to gain people's trust, hard and long process

Question 40

gathering of information

Answer 40

skills and personal charisma of the researcher comes in handy, avoid breaking social protocols

Question 41

conclusion

Answer 41

researcher collects all notes, diaries and images outside the fieldwork area to work on a final report

Question 42

field techniques (9)

Answer 42

-direct observation -participant observation -conversation -genealogical method -key informants -life stories -investigation oriented to several types of problems -longitudinal investigation -team investigation

Question 43

T o F: It is advisable to conduct the interviews when you already have a considerable amount of time living in the place being studied to prevent resistance to share personal information with strangers

Answer 43

true

Question 44

ethnography oriented to problems

Answer 44

technique used by anthropologists introducing fieldwork to investigate a particular issue

Question 45

rapport

Answer 45

establish a good working relationship with the people who interact with the ethnographer

Question 46

key informants

Answer 46

people selected during the fieldwork

Question 47

emic vs. etic

Answer 47

emic: seen from the inside, the native's perspective of the world etic: seen from the outside (the ethnographer), interpretation of cultures from another point of view