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anthropology > Segundo Parcial > Flashcards

Segundo Parcial Flashcards

1
Q

monographs laid the foundations of _____

A

ethnography

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2
Q

what is fieldwork?

A

it is a research method that consists of direct personal observation and/or participation for extended periods of time

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3
Q

what where the first fieldwork investigations?

A

anthropologists lived with groups characterized by primary ways, and observed their way of life: hunting, fishing, harvesting, planting and breeding, among others

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4
Q

what where the difficulties of early anthropologists? (2)

A

1-they did not speak the language of the studied group
2-in order to understand how they live, they had to experience it by themselves.

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5
Q

what is a monograph?

A

it is a detailed document of a single subject. it should be very complete, including all aspects of life

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6
Q

what is the purpose of a monograph?

A

to gather as much information as possible about the topic that was chosen

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7
Q

what are the 3 options of monographs in anthropology?

A

-a specific village
-a particular activity
-relation between 1 or more topics

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8
Q

what sources can be used for a monograph? (3)

A

-stories
-legends
-personal or indirect observation

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9
Q

diachronic monograph

A

from previous times until today

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10
Q

synchronic monograph

A

from the present time

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11
Q

7 steps of making a monograph

A

1-selection and delimitation of the topic
2-development of a tentative structure of the work
3-search and recolection of information
4-debug of information according to the tentative structure
5-reorganization of the structure if a new focus was aquired in the previous step
6-development of a partial or total draft
7-revision of the draft (citations, spelling, no parts missing)

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12
Q

what did wilhelm dilthey contribute?

A

-spirit sciences
-historical perspective

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13
Q

what is historical perspective?

A

study of man, the medium in which he is inserted and how he relates to it

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14
Q

what is a qualitative research?

A

a methodology that seeks to present elements that drive us to give answers and explanations about the events and happenings surrounding mankind

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15
Q

what are methods?

A

ways to approach the objective of study

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16
Q

what are techniques?

A

ways to gather information

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17
Q

what is the ethnography?

A

fieldwork in a paricular cultural scenario, their aspects of everyday life in an integra vision

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18
Q

study of the case

A

(M) used to present an integral portrait through the study of a particular case. it’s done in a detailed way, with time background and relevant events

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19
Q

oral history

A

(M) group of interviews, tapings and their transcripts. these are edited and analyzed so the result is a final report.
this method allows you to gather personal memories of past and present events, of specific social groups, preserved from generation to generation

20
Q

participative action investigation

A

(M) it includes the people that are being investigated. they go from object of study to participants, being able to interact through the process

21
Q

qualitative evaluation

A

(M) it gathers the other methods, and uses them to evaluate projects, social policies and service programs. used when official information is not enough in order to improve a policy or program

22
Q

life history

A

(T) interview to a person, where they tell important experiences they have gone through their whole life, from birth to present time. used to know their own perception of the world.

23
Q

testimony

A

(T) expression of minority groups through interviews and others they communicate their experiences first hand

24
Q

semi-structured interview

A

(T) elaborating a general script with topics and questions. you adapt to the situation of the interviewed, and it becomes more like a conversation, in a flexible way

25
Q

focus group

A

(T) people are chosen to gather info about a topic. a moderator organizes turns to speak and captures the perspective of each participant, the way they solve agreements, their influence, etc

26
Q

participant observation

A

(T) most used method. total immersion in the studied society, they capture and describe all aspects of life of a certain group. observations are written down immediately

27
Q

field diary

A

(T) gathers notes taken during the fieldwork, includes the largest amount of info you can get (people, activities, details, conversations, events)

28
Q

documents

A

(T) official texts, personal texts, newspapers, magazines, etc. that allow you to gather information about any aspect of the subject or studied group

29
Q

pictures and videos

A

(T) register styles and conditions of a group, timeless data

30
Q

what is the criticism that qualitative methods have recieved?

A

they lack reliability and objectivity

31
Q

quantitative method (6)

A

-uses the subjects of study
-seeks verifiable answers
-vertical communication
-strength: external validity, generalizable
-weakness: internal validity, no proof of theories
-main criticism: are the results generalizable?

32
Q

qualitative method (6)

A

-communicates with the subject of study
-asks questions indefinitely
-horizontal communication
-strength: internal validity, generates theories
-weakness: external validity, results not generalizable
-main criticism: are the results complete?

33
Q

what does ethnography allow?

A

deep reflection about the percieved reality, and proposing a hypothesis

34
Q

7 steps of ethnographic research

A

-marking the field (where?)
-subject field (what?)
-preparation and documentation
-design (how?)
-field investigation
-gathering of information
-conclusion

35
Q

marking the field

A

selection of a community, defining the objectives, resources, and time

36
Q

subject field

A

a topic of interest and its context is chosen

37
Q

preparation and documentation

A

revision of the existing information is made, seeking to update it.

38
Q

design

A

basic questions to direct the research, techniques are chosen, motives of the study,how field work will be done

39
Q

fieldwork

A

find a way to gain people’s trust, hard and long process

40
Q

gathering of information

A

skills and personal charisma of the researcher comes in handy, avoid breaking social protocols

41
Q

conclusion

A

researcher collects all notes, diaries and images outside the fieldwork area to work on a final report

42
Q

field techniques (9)

A

-direct observation
-participant observation
-conversation
-genealogical method
-key informants
-life stories
-investigation oriented to several types of problems
-longitudinal investigation
-team investigation

43
Q

T o F: It is advisable to conduct the interviews when you already have a considerable amount of time living in the place being studied to prevent resistance to share personal information with strangers

A

true

44
Q

ethnography oriented to problems

A

technique used by anthropologists introducing fieldwork to investigate a particular issue

45
Q

rapport

A

establish a good working relationship with the people who interact with the ethnographer

46
Q

key informants

A

people selected during the fieldwork

47
Q

emic vs. etic

A

emic: seen from the inside, the native’s perspective of the world
etic: seen from the outside (the ethnographer), interpretation of cultures from another point of view

anthropology (3 decks)

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