Seizure drugs

Question 1

first line treatment for general and partial seizures

Answer 1

valproate

carbamazepine

phenytoin

lamotrigine

Question 2

MOA of Valproate

Answer 2

inactivates sodium channels

increases GABA by inhibiting GABA transaminase

Question 3

Side effects of Valproate

Answer 3

Teratogenic

Alopecia

Tremor

Hepatotoxicity

GI distress

pancreatitis

neural tube defects

weight gain

Question 4

MOA of Carbamazepine

Answer 4

blocks sodium channels

Question 5

Side effects of Carbamazepine

Answer 5

Teratogen

Diplopia

hepatotoxicity

ataxia

agranulocytosis

induces CYP450

SIADH

Steven Johnson Syndrome

Question 6

MOA of phenytoin

Answer 6

blocks sodium channels

zero-order kinetics

Question 7

Side effects of phenytoin

Answer 7

Teratogen

P450 induction

hirsutism

gingival hyperplasia

nystagmus

steven johnson syndrome

drug-induced lupus

osteopathies

Megaloblastic anemia

diplopia

ataxia

peripheral neuropathy

DRESS

sedation

Question 8

MOA of Lamotrigine

Answer 8

blocks voltage-gated sodium channels

inhibits release of glutamate

Question 9

Side effect of Lamotrigine

Answer 9

Steven Johnson syndrome

Question 10

Treatment for absence seizures

Answer 10

Ethosuximide

Valproate

Question 11

MOA of Ethosuximide

Answer 11

blocks T type Calcium channels in neurons of the thalamus

Question 12

Side effects of Ethosuximide

Answer 12

fatigue

GI distress

HA

Itching

Steven Johnson Syndrome

Question 13

Treatment for status epilepticus

Answer 13

Benzodiazepines

Phenytoin

Question 14

MOA of Benzodiazepines

Answer 14

increases GABA action by increasing the opening frequency of chloride channels, causing hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic neuronal membranes and decreased neuronal excitability

Question 15

Side effects of Benzodiazepines

Answer 15

blunt affect

hangover effect

motor incoordination and weakness

amnesia

tolerance/ dependence

paradoxical excitability

CNS depression

Question 16

MOA of Phenobarbital

Answer 16

increases GABA action by increasing the affinity of the receptor for GABA and the duration of time that the chloride channel remains open

Question 17

Side effects pf Phenobarbital

Answer 17

sedation

tolerance/dependence

CYP450 induction

Cardiorespiratory suppression

Question 18

First line treatment for partial seizures

Answer 18

Carbamazepine

Lamotrigine

Levetiracetam

Question 19

side effects of Levetiracetam

Answer 19

personality changes

fatigue

drowsiness

HA

Question 20

Second line treatment of partial seizures

Answer 20

Gabapentin

Question 21

MOA of Gabapentin

Answer 21

inhibits T type calcium channels in thalamic neurons

Question 22

What do you use for neonatal seizures

Answer 22

phenobarbital

Question 23

Side effects of Gabapentin

Answer 23

dry mouth

somnolence

nausea

ataxia

Question 24

What do you use Vigabatrin for and what is its MOA

Answer 24

Refractory focal seizures

inhibits GABA transaminase to increase GABA

Question 25

Side effects of Vigabatrin

Answer 25

Irreversible vision loss glaucoma nephrolithiasis weight loss

Question 26

MOA of Tiagabine

Answer 26

inhibits GABA reuptake

Question 27

Side effects of Tiagabine

Answer 27

GI upset insomnia drowsiness weight changes

Question 28

What do you use topiramate for and what is its MOA

Answer 28

Focal seizures blocks sodium channels and increases GABA