seizures

Question 1

a seizure is a result of?

Answer 1

paroxysmal excessive discharge of cerebral neurons resulting in transient impairment or loss of consciousness

Question 2

true or false

there is no single brain lesion that causes seizures

Answer 2

true

Question 3

______ is a chronic disorder characterized by recurrent seizures

Answer 3

epilepsy

Question 4

_____ % have epilepsy before the onset of age 20

Answer 4

75

Question 5

true or false

anxiety can be a problem of epilepsy?

Answer 5

true

Question 6

Partial seizures are the most frequent and severe epilepsy in _______

Answer 6

adults

Question 7

True or False

Partial Seizures have clinical or electroencephalographic (EEG) evidence of a local onset

Answer 7

true

Question 8

Partial seizures is characterized by the locus of onset of? (4 things)

Answer 8

temporal
frontal
parietal
occipital

Question 9

With simple partial seizures (focal) _____ hemisphere involvement occurs and the _______ is preserved

Answer 9

unilateral

consciousness

Question 10

Simple Partial Seizures (Focal) may manifest as focal?

Answer 10

motor symptoms: jerking; twitching

somatosensory symptoms: paresthesias; tingling; light flashes; buzzing; abnormal sensations of taste and smell

autonomic symptoms: nausea; pallor; flushing; pupillary dilation

cognitive and affective symptoms: illusions; hallucinations; sudden fear

Question 11

True or False

Complex Partial Seizures are associated with alternation but no loss of consciousness

Answer 11

False

Associated with alteration or loss of consciousness

Question 12

Complex Partial Seizures involve

Answer 12

Bilateral hemispheric involvement

Question 13

Complex Partial Seizures: Person appears?

Answer 13

dazed and confused with random walking, mumbling, head turning, or pulling at clothing

Question 14

True or False

Complex Partial Seizures: Automatic behaviors may be present, but cannot be recalled by the individual

Answer 14

true

Question 15

Partial Seizure Secondarily Generalized is?

Answer 15

Generalized tonic-clonic seizure that develops from either a simple partial or complex partial seizure

Has convulsive manifestations

Question 16

Generalized seizure: localized onset is ??

Answer 16

NOT evident

Question 17

Generalized seizure: 6 types? (GAS MAT)

Answer 17

Generalized absence seizures (petit mal)
Atypical absence seizures
Status epilepticus  
Myoclonic seizures
Atonic seizures
Tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal)

Question 18

Generalized Absence Seizures =

Answer 18

petit mal

Question 19

Generalized Absence Seizures are frequent in ______ and usually ____

Answer 19

children

disappear in adolescence

Question 20

Generalized Absence Seizures: person has sudden _____ and often______

Answer 20

cessation of ongoing conscious activity

stares into space

Question 21

True of False

Generalized Absence Seizures: onset and end are abrupt and brief and the individual is aware of the seizure activity?

Answer 21

False

unaware of seizure activity

Question 22

Atypical Absence Seizures are similar to?

Answer 22

generalized absence seizures

Question 23

Myoclonic Seizures are

Answer 23

Sudden, brief, single or repetitive muscle contractions involving one body part or the entire body

Question 24

Atonic Seizures are

Answer 24

Brief loss of consciousness and postural tone NOT associated with tonic muscular contractions

Question 25

Tonic-Clonic Seizure =

Answer 25

Grand Mal

Question 26

Tonic-Clonic Seizure: person has ______ of control

Answer 26

total loss

Question 27

Tonic-Clonic Seizure: The tonic phase with generalized rigidity usually last _____ seconds, ______ may cease briefly, and _______ may occur

Answer 27

10 seconds respiration incontinence of bowl/bladder

Question 28

Tonic-Clonic Seizure: after the tonic phase, the clonic phase occurs with _______ movement that last ______

Answer 28

generalized jerking | 1-2 minutes

Question 29

Tonic-Clonic Seizure: a short seizure= _______ while a prolonged seizure= ________

Answer 29

rapid recovery | induce a deep sleep

Question 30

following a Tonic-Clonic Seizure, individuals may experience?

Answer 30

``` Altered speech Transient paralysis or ataxia Headache Disorientation Muscle Soreness ```

Question 31

True or False: Grand Mal seizures may be recurring, before or after consciousness is returned and are less common than partial seizures?

Answer 31

true

Question 32

Status Epilepticus is

Answer 32

Generalized seizures (usually tonic-clonic) are so prolonged or repeated that recovery does not occur between attacks

Question 33

True or False | Status Epilepticus is not a medical emergency

Answer 33

False | it is

Question 34

Status Epilepticus: frequent causes in adults are?

Answer 34

tumor CNS infection drug abuse

Question 35

Status Epilepticus: frequent causes for children under 3 are?

Answer 35

febrile seizures are common cause

Question 36

what are Causes of 
Symptomatic Seizure Activity?

Answer 36

``` Changes in hormone levels Head trauma Intracranial mass CNS infections CVA Toxic substances/poison Hypoxia Congenital brain disorders Degenerative brain disorders (dementia) Pneumonia (esp. for elderly) Idiopathic ```

Question 37

what are some events that may trigger a seizure?

Answer 37

``` Stress Poor nutrition Missed medication Skipping meals Flickering lights Illness Fever and allergies Lack of sleep Emotions: anger, worry, fear Heat and Humidity ```

Question 38

when taking seizure medicine, avoid ______ because it can increase sedation?

Answer 38

alcohol

Question 39

True or False | A person who isn't responding to their medication can stop at any time?

Answer 39

False | Never abruptly stop your medication – it can lead to seizures!

Question 40

what kind of side effects should you report to pts doctor when pt is on seizure medication?

Answer 40

excess fatigue or drowsiness over sedation, agitation, or confusion tremors, weight gain, diarrhea or irregular menses dizziness or nausea

Question 41

true or false | you can swallow your tongue during a seizure?

Answer 41

false

Question 42

true or false | while someone is having a seizure, it is best to restrain them so they don't hurt themselves

Answer 42

False | Do not use restraint, the seizure will run its course and stop

Question 43

true or false | you can't die from epilepsy

Answer 43

False | Status epilepticus can cause death. It should be treated as a medical emergency.

Question 44

what do you do is a pt is has a seizure?

Answer 44

Prevent or slow a fall Protect the patient from the environment Rolling patient onto their side may help to keep the airway clear Observation and documentation (timing) are important for medication adjustments (especially mouth frothing, eye deviations, incontinence )

Question 45

other PT implications for seizures include?

Answer 45

Education and medical reinforcement Building confidence with mobility Evaluation of home, work and school environments for recommendations Leisure recommendations Swimming with direct supervision Closely monitor patients during activity Closely monitor patients following activity as seizures may follow (20 minutes) Patient limitations/precautions may change over time