Seizures and Syncope Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Seizures and Syncope Deck (29)
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1
Q

What are the 2 major causes of episodic loss of consciousness?

A
  1. seizures: characterized by TEMPORARY neurologic signs/symptoms d/t abnormal neuronal activity in cerebral cortex
  2. Syncope (drop attack): d/t reduced blood supply to cerebral hemispheres/brainstem
2
Q

What is the diagnostic approach for seizures or syncope?

A

rule out serious conditions causing episodes

Establish number of spells, similarity or dissimilarity

3
Q

Seizures are disorders characterized by

A

transient disturbance of cerebral function Caused by Excessive or Over synchronized cerebral neuronal discharges

4
Q

What is the etiology of epilepsy seizures?

A

prim neurologic disorder

metabolic derangement

5
Q

Benign febrile seizures occur in children typically with a fever at what age? The episode last how long?

A

3 months to 5 yrs old

less than 15 min

6
Q

Benign febrile seizures mc when?

A

1 day of febrile illness usually w/fever

7
Q

What percentage of children experienced benign febrile seizures? What is an aka for benign febrile seizures?

A

a. 66

b. primary neurological disorders

8
Q

75 percent of all seizure disorders is what type with an onset of 5 to 25 yrs old?

A

idiopathic epilepsy

9
Q

Which of the following is not a primary neurological disorder?

a. benign febrile seizures
b. idiopathic epilepsy
c. Head Trauma
d. Stroke
e. Hypoglycemia

A

e. Hypoglycemia

10
Q

Which of the following is not a metabolic disorder?

a. hypoglycemia
b. hyponatremia
c. hypocalcemia
d. Hypothyroidism

A

d. Hypothyroidism

11
Q

Primary neurological disorders are common if associated with what kind of head trauma 1 wk after injury?

A

perinatural injury 28 wks to 28 days

intracerebral/subdural hematoma

12
Q

Which type of seizure is associated w/arterial venous malformations?

A

strokes

13
Q

What condition occurs with an infarction or intracerebral hemorrhage (less likely to survive)?

A

Stroke

14
Q

What metabolic disorder can cause drop attacks and what are the levels of glucose?

A

Hypoglycemia: levels of 20-30 ng/dl

15
Q

Metabolic hyponatremia levels can cause a seizure if below what?

A

120 meg/l

16
Q

Which of the following is not a generalized classification of seizures?

a. tonic
b. absence
c. simple
d. clonic
e. myoclonic

A

c. simple

17
Q

What are the 2 types of partial seizures?

A

simple and complex

18
Q

What is the MC type of seizure encountered and Attacks in which consciousness is lost usually w/o aura?

A

Tonic clonic

19
Q

What are the 4 phases of tonic-clonic seizures?

A

prodromal
tonic
clonic
recovery

20
Q

What phase of tonic-clonic seizures is vague, occurs over hrs to days before actual convulsions?

A

prodromal phase

21
Q

Which phase of tonic-clonic seizures is unconscious and pt can become cyanotic (blue)?

A

tonic phase

22
Q

Brief flexion of trunk, upward deviation of eyes, vocalization d/t FORCED expiration and limb tonic contraction 10-30 secs.

A

tonic phase of tonic-clonic seizures

23
Q

What type of seizures has alternating contraction & relaxation, systemic jerking 30-60 secs, flaccid and terms w/gen tonic spasm?

A

clonic phase

Note:also respiration Returns cyanosis leaves

24
Q

Confusion 10-30 min and lethargic is associated with what type of seizure?

A

recovery

25
Q

What are the symptoms of tonic clonic seizure?

A

HA, mood/appetite change, anxiety, irritability, lightheadedness/dizziness

26
Q

What are the causes of tonic clonic seizures?

A

idiopathic and symptomatic epilepsy and in assoc w/systemic dz

27
Q

Name systemic diseases associated w/tonic-clonic seizures.

A

hyponatremia
hypoglycemia
alcohol w/drawl

28
Q

Name drugs associated w/tonic-clonic seizures.

A
anti-
depressants
psychotics
cholinergics
histamines
biotics
29
Q

Tonic clonic duration and complications are what?

a. less than 1 min
b. less than 30 sec
c. head trauma
d. vertebral body stress fx

A

a, c, and d

note: can cause stress frx on vert body